Affirmative action at the work place Essay Example for Free

Governmental policy regarding minorities in society at the work place Essay Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is an idea utilized as an equity looking for instrument involving arrangements to address threatening parts of a non prevailing or minor gathering. Such gatherings incorporate ladies, minority men and genuinely incapacitated individuals. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society builds these gatherings access to offices, for example, work and instruction. The inspiration for governmental policy regarding minorities in society comes in times when an observation or genuine negative perspective towards a specific gathering is experienced, yet illicit as indicated by administrative bodies. It is additionally applied in learning and administration conveyance establishments, for example, police powers, clinics or colleges to propel them to act all the more dependably to the individuals they speak to. As indicated by Bulman (2006), governmental policy regarding minorities in society at the work place is an idea that ought to be applied in all divisions. This is on the grounds that many working spots are described by social, social and political decent variety (p.45). This is to state that individuals originate from various networks, races, religions, political foundations, sexual orientation, national sources, and age, physical and emotional well-being abilities. This calls for governmental policy regarding minorities in society to battle for the feeble mass inside the working spot, as these updates the workforce decent variety. Racial and sexual orientation based segregation in a workplace comes in the territories of giving occupations, in limited time projects and admission to organizations causing injustice and barbarism viewpoints in the work space. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society in a business situation delineates both the prescriptive pointers and twofold edge quality in cooperating. Solid type of governmental policy regarding minorities in society ought to be the abolishment of race and sex cognizance in the hours of employing, advancement and in cutback inclinations. Â The need and vitality of building coordinated society in the work environment is to build up a forward looking and commonsense staff. The assorted variety offered on organization workers implies decent variety in its area and in this manner managers need a law to administer them for upkeep of the assorted variety. The belief system of inclinations among similarly qualified candidates has a negative recognition as of now when assorted variety is so generally recognized. The help reached out to work environment assorted variety leaves open the two inquiries of means and finishes. Improvement of governmental policy regarding minorities in society should truly be possible through empowering application from distraught gatherings during enrollment programs. Subsequently, a few inclinations might be reached out to the gatherings saw to be underrepresented. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society ought to be for the most part received by government associations for they are profoundly influenced by separation along ethnicity and sexual orientation lines (Loury, 2003, p.13). Appropriation of this will make state gatherings to reduce or take out circumstances which help in propagating segregation. For the legislature to help execution of this, each organization ought to be given some legitimate least necessities to agree, in the region of portrayal by the impeded gatherings in their different branches of work. The issues of worry that ought to be tended to are value proprietorship, portrayal inside administration, worker level up to top managerial staff level, acquirement of organizations and other a few social speculation programs. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society forestalls segregation in lines with employing inclination, advancement, work task, remuneration, reprisal and a wide range of provocations. Work place is a one of a kind and significant site for improvement of corporative and social ties of various gatherings. It has recently become the middle for company, socialization, and solidarity, which develop as essential highlights of human brain research. This has likewise been fixed by governmental policy regarding minorities in society move, which has advanced value in circumstance and segment heterogeneity and the inconvenience of simple ethics of opportunity of affiliation and correspondence (Mellot, 2006, p.7). The expectedness in the decent variety contention scarcely turns the estimation of segment dependent on heterogeneity and is for the most part made to guarantee work place incorporation. The procedure of governmental policy regarding minorities in society in this way begins with pooling various individuals of various characters and foundations together. Various encounters and mentalities thought to relate to segment varieties in the work place are disintegrated effectively, along these lines accentuating on shared opinion and connectedness over the distinction lines. In places where numerous individuals live and cooperate components like erosion in dynamic, turnover and disappointment are famous. The test is formulating the available resources to enhance the rising pressures. In the business setting, laborers ought to be secured similarly and totally preclude work misuses, for example, inconsistent treatment of rewarding representatives, work candidates and previous workers because of contrasts in a gathering enrollment. Bosses need to deal with pregnant moms or related ailments. It is against governmental policy regarding minorities in society move to segregate laborers in lines of releasing, recruiting, redressing, terms arrangement, conditions and business related benefits (Mellot, 2006, p. 9). From cultural purpose of it, the representatives structure a piece of society. They need to accept that as their own locale, live in it and an arrangement of administration should exist inside. Utilization of numerous agreeable interracial cooperations in the work environment guarantees the living respectively and administration. As a result of the assorted variety got by the globalization procedure, collaborations that lead to sensible and controllable gratings ought to be permitted to clear approach to conceptualizing and innovativeness. From the cultural math, the side of the business is less thought of.

The Reader as Critic Writing a Reader-Response Essay

The Reader as Critic Writing a Reader-Response Essay The Reader as Critic: Writing a Reader-Response Essay Perusing, for some, is an instinctive reaction to words on a page. When seeing from the basic focal point of peruser reaction hypothesis, which means is extricated through perusing. Writing turns into an exchange between the peruser and the content. The perusers individual experience is utilized to assess the significance of the work. Association with the content varies the peruser reaction come closer from other scholarly examinations. Peruser reaction analysis requires the peruser to find the significance of the content by thinking about their enthusiastic reaction and individual experience while perusing. This artistic hypothesis renders every content or novel open to various understandings. The Textual Interpretation Here’s how to diagram an artistic investigation exposition: Introduction: The Hook Your postulation articulation is the heart that thumps life into the exposition. Make the most of it. Join the name of the creator and the title of the content in your starting section. Body: Textual Evidence Printed proof includes citing phrases from the picked content to legitimize your contentions. Since it is a type of proof, refering to ought to be followed with a page number toward the finish of the cited expression or proclamation. For instance, on the off chance that you are doing a basic perusing of Haruki Murakamis Hear the Wind Sing, you may compose: Murakami composes, so, all in all I had found that I had transformed into an individual unequipped for communicating the greater part of what he felt (72). As you read through the alloted content, there will be expressions or sentences that work up reactions in you. Have a pen and paper helpful to record each reaction. Here are a few inquiries to assist you with moving toward the short story or novel and present a paper supporting your postulation. How does the book influence you? Each type of writing is composed in light of a peruser or audience. In a perfect world, it utilizes a tone fit for bringing out feelings that may help you to remember your past or impels you to what's to come. Does the content help your perspective? Refer to a citation in your paper to help your position. Are any of your assessments fortified or tested? Write in detail (with cited entries from the book to outline your point) why it moved you or neglected to prevail upon you. Does it tackle noteworthy social issues? Give solid models from the book. Think about how it depicts or addresses issues in the public eye. End Return to your proposition proclamation and sum up your basic examination in one section. You can likewise incorporate your general impression of the content and on the off chance that you accept others will profit by understanding it. Recall that in spite of the fact that this kind of exposition is fixated on you as the peruser, you are as yet composing a basic paper. Abstain from utilizing phrases like â€Å"in my opinion† and â€Å"I think.† Focus on the general estimation of the work and back it up with literary proof. The calendar of any understudy can become busy and overpowering. Get composing help from our expert group of experienced authors at .

What is Ransomware How to Be Prepared

What is Ransomware How to Be Prepared IT has taken a foothold at the center of our lives and has spread like wildfire throughout the years. Software is getting more and more practical, but also complex. The reason we mention the complexity of our everyday solutions is to put a bigger accent on Security.The reasoning behind this is, the more components a device has, the bigger the attack surface.Imagining a Castle with 1 focused Gate with as contrast to a Castle with 10 Gates spread all around and multiple other hidden entrances. Yes the latter might look grander and be more practical, but for people who would like to break in, you give out tons more alternative ways to allow them in doing just that.Software is no different, the grander it is and the more components and various technologies it harbors the more vulnerable it might be. Hackers take advantage of this and break in to what should be highly secured establishments.On the other hand, there is software specifically built for malicious purposes from the ground up.O ne such type of software is Ransomware.In this article we will discuss how Ransomware, a specifically made software to hijack computers, uses well known vulnerabilities to spread throughout our systems.WHAT IS RANSOMWARE?Ransomware is a type of malicious software deliberately made to infect, encrypt and in turn effectively hijack our computers. The reason it is called Ransom-ware is because the perpetrators shortly afterwards ask for a ransom in order to release whatever they have encrypted.The official statement for Ransomware is:“A type of malicious software designed to block access to a computer system until a sum of money is paid.”The way it works is as follows:A user gets infectedThe computer gets encrypted locked upThe only thing on the screen is an address where you should send moneyBasically, the user can’t retrieve anything from their computer since it’s behind an encrypted wall of sorts.They are faced with 3 possible solutions:Pay the requested SumAccept the risk format your computerTry to find a way to remove itFor all intents and purposes it’s a hostage situation for your data.HOW DO WE GET INFECTED WITH RANSOMWARE?Usually there are many vectors in which attackers try to get you to download/install their malicious software, but some are more prevalent than others.Attacking a target by sending malicious software via the route of abundant Malicious E-Mail Attachments is a proven way to get someone infected. Most people do not possess even the most general security awareness training in order to prevent such fallacies.After the user download the fake attachment they thought it was, they get infected.Now this is the part where we will talk about preexisting vulnerabilities in our infrastructure.There are usually two types of Ransomware:FocusedInfectiveFocused Ransomware is simply that, it is focused on the target it has infected and stays with it throughout the entire duration of the process.Infective on the other hand is a bit more Intelli gent Ransomware which has in-built ways to sniff out vulnerabilities throughout your network, which it can use to deliver itself on other systems as well. Effectively spreading itself and infecting more and more systems.This in turn does a lot more damage than Focused Ransomware.The reason for mentioning this is the following:The attack continues even after you’ve already been compromised.”Let’s look at most delivery methods:E-MailAs previously mentioned E-Mail is one of the best ways to transmit Ransomware due to to its efficiency with the general public.Websites Exploit KitsWhen users visit malicious websites, either by their own choice or by redirection they are facing danger of coming in contact with exploit kits. These kits are specifically crafted to scan and locate vulnerabilities on whoever is visiting them and silently install malicious software, which in this case could very well be Ransomware.Outdated SoftwareIf you have public facing servers this means that you ar e exposed and if most of your equipment is not regularly updated you could be facing danger from outdated services running on your servers. By exploiting these services, attackers can easily install Ransomware on your instances.HOW DOES RANSOMWARE WORK?As previously mentioned, the main thing it does is Encrypt the instance it infects, thus making everything irrecoverable unless you have the attackers key to decrypt your files.In order to get more in depth, we should mention the field of Cryptovirology as well. Basically it is a field that studies how Cryptography can be used to increasingly powerful malicious software.Attackers use this field to develop malicious software that has two keys, a public and private one.The encrypted files can only be decrypted only with the key that the attacker possesses. This is what you pay for.After gaining this key, you are free to decrypt your system and retrieve your files. Usually heavy algorithms, such as AES-256 + RSA-2048 are used. Making it impossible for the everyday user to decrypt.To best explain how the due process goes we will make a fictional story about a company that gets infected with one of the more dangerous Ransomware attacks around: WannaCry.Companies around the world filed complaints that their servers were being attacked left and right and most of them have been successfully infected and encrypted. Attackers are demanding huge sum payments in order to release them. One System Administrator notices that all of these infiltrations have been done on Windows Based Servers.After careful Network Analysis, they have found out that the Ransomware is not Focused, but rather an Infective type which spreads through an exploit. This exploit is labeled as MS17-010 or more commonly known as EternalBlue.What we are seeing here is a malicious software, Ransomware in this case, being spread throughout network through a very big vulnerability that affects Microsoft Machines. By attacking largely old or unpatched systems, companies got in real trouble.The aftermath was a blank screen with a field to send Cryptocurrency Powered by Blockchain Technology to the attackers in order to set your Data free.Moral of the story? Patch your systems. Most of them were either old Out of Service Windows 2003 Servers of later versions of Windows 2008 Servers which were not regularly updated. This allowed the Ransomware to move freely and infect all of these servers with little effort.After being compromised, the companies started looking for ways to break away from this infection. The ones that got off easiest were those who had everything backed up, others not so much.Which brings us to the following point.HOW TO AVOID RANSOMWARE INFECTIONS?Good Security practices come to mind first. Having everything under control beforehand makes it easier to battle such threats.Let’s see how our hypothetical companies could have avoided this mess.Outdated SoftwareTheir infrastructure was riddled with archaic out of service sof tware such as Windows 2003. This is a big issue and a prevalent one at that in infrastructures. Usually associated with the lack of funds to migrate, resources to contribute or most commonly ignored until something serious like this happens.Security MonitoringProper security software such as IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection Intrusion Prevention Systems) if configured well, would have probably captured signatures ranging throughout the network that something is amiss. Even if infections started to occur, capturing them early on could prove crucial in avoiding bigger losses.Proper BackupsIn the ultimate event of full infection and no way out, backups come in handy.By restoring everything to the way it was before, companies avoid paying huge fines to criminals in order to get explicitly sensitive information back. Usually monthly backups are employed. Losing a months worth of data is better than completely going under.Reputable DefenceBy using quality Anti Virus Firewall Software you mak e sure that at least the most common malicious software gets blocked. Usually Ransomware is spread out like a shotgun blast, common attacks launched in quantity not quality. This means that there is a good chance that the digital signature has been caught somewhere before and thus the AV Database will recognize and stop it quickly.Employee TrainingThe first line of Security should be people themselves. By being trained at least in General Security these kinds of things can be avoided. For example, phishing relies heavily on the human factor, someone believing the attacker and giving out personal information or downloading an unassumingly dangerous attachment.By employing layered security concepts instead of individual protection, enterprises benefit greatly in all cases and Ransomware is no exception.WHO COULD BE ATTACKING YOU WITH RANSOMWARE AND HOW DO THEY DO IT?There are different types of attackers, each with their own game plan and techniques.Usually, attackers want access to c onfidential data, control of servers or various types of intellectual property and they are associated with three types of people:Black Hat HackersThese types of attackers are set on doing only malicious attacks and mostly for their own gain, usually financial.Gray Hat HackersGray Hat Hackers operate in the, well, Gray area of things. They switch from attacking targets unknowingly to reporting the findings in a conscious manner.White Hat HackersWhite Hat Hackers are also called Ethical Hackers or Penetration Testers, which are hired to hack in to a company only to disclose their findings.Another key point in this story, are Threat Actors. This term refers only to Black Hat Hackers.Threat Actors can be:Script KiddiesVulnerability BrokersHacktivistsCybercriminalsState Sponsored HackersLet’s go through them for a bit:Script Kiddies are usually people without heavy technical knowledge, using other peoples tools to do damage that they don’t really understand.Vulnerability Brokers are people that buy sell vulnerabilities to the highest bidder.Hacktivists usually have some political agenda backing their attacks.Cybercriminals are usually there only for the money, their attackers are most of the times financially motivated.State Sponsored Hackers are people that are hired and financed by a foreign state in order to attack complex targets, such as governments.Since Ransomware is primarily financially motivated, usually only Black Hat / Gray Hack Hatters will be attacking. Either to fully compromise and deal damage or just to prove that they can.Unless of course, a very specific agenda is at hand, then it could be anyone from the previously mentioned.Now, let’s explain what a Black Hat Hacker that wants to infect a company would do in order to spread Ransomware throughout the Network.This scenario is considered by attacking a publicly facing outdated server.In order to gain access the attacker will have to go through multiple phases of attacks.The Reconnaissance Phase:Here the attacker basically probes the target Infrastructure in order to find out if there are any loose ends to exploit.If they were attacking your company, they would usually do the following:First it would be important to find out which IP Block they have reserved, in order to find all servers associated with their company. This would involve converting domains such as www.target-company.com to a tangible IP and afterwards search public registrars for any indication of Network Block Reservation.This will give the attacker a comprehensive surface to probe.Let’s assume that your company own a certain Network Block, they would want to know what services are running on those locations.Port Scanning is a great way to find out if any services are disclosing any type of information such as software version etc.If they find something and that service just happens to be outdated with public exploits known, they can start the exploitation phase by modifying public code to fit their own needs.But if they want to be more thorough, they can do a full Vulnerability Scan on that port through Vulnerability Scanners like Nessus, Qualys, Burp Pro, OpenVAS, etc.Once the vulnerability has been confirmed multiple times, it is time to exploit the server. As previously mentioned, they would download a public code from a Vulnerability Database.Once they have successfully modified the code to fit their needs and have exploited one of these services, they will have access to your entire infrastructure.Now they can do two things, either infect this current host with Ransomware and risk the IT Staff finding out sooner than expected, or try to spread throughout the network even further and only afterwards implement Ransomware on multiple hosts, doing maximum damage.This does not cause only financial problems, in some companies, compliances and even legal ramifications could take place.Security Management is what is important in such environments, but by being infected like this you break through it and prove that it was incapable to begin with.In order to successfully advocate the implementation of Security Management in a company, everyone has to be familiar with the reasoning behind it.To explain this in detail, there are three concepts that most will be familiar with:ConfidentialityIntegrityAvailabilityOr the CIA Triad.Let’s see how your company can benefit from this.Let’s start with Confidentiality.Confidentiality simply means that any private information that the company holds, should stay, well, private. It should not be divulged to third parties on purpose and valid security measures should be in place to prevent it from leaking involuntarily.By being successfully infected with Ransomware, your company has not properly secured their data. Which means you did not have proper security measures in place.On to the next one, Availability.If you consider taking down your public servers as to not cause any more damage and try to mitigate the Security concern, you will not uphold the Availability right to your clients.Often, companies profess things like:“24/7 Availability”“No Downtimes”“Heavy Redundancy”Which gives the clients a false sense that they will have constant availability from this company. When something like this attack happens, not having the right tools or measures in place to mitigate the damage, the clients are basically being lied to.This can often provoke legal actions as well.And finally, Integrity.Ransomware or any other malicious software for that matter, once having infected a system it makes sure that the IT Staff can no longer confirm the validity of the information that was held there. Basically, nobody can say that they are 100% sure that data was not tampered.Now that we have established these concepts, it is easier to tell how Security Management that was not fully capable of protecting the company from such a compromise should be taken in account.SHOULD YOU PAY WHEN ATTACKED WITH RANSOMWA RE?This big debate falls down on the financial scale at last.Should you pay and get your files back or just simply accept your loss?Before making a decision, there are a few things that need to be considered. First of all, you can not be sure that the attackers will actually give you the key even after you have paid out.To run a successful operation such as Ransomware needs a well secured private infrastructure running in the background.Usually it is very sophisticated to get everything automated. Generally, only a small percentage of highly organized attackers have this, most of them just try to make quick cash by trying to make you send money and then disappearing.This is simply because, they do not possess the right equipment to even give you a key and keep their privacy in tact at the same time.The best course of action would be the following:Try a already existing solution such as Avast Decryption ToolsGet a Forensics Incident Response Team if you can afford it, depending on the situation.Accept your partial loss and restore from backup what you can.Accept the fact that you didn’t have enough security measures in place and take the risk of starting over.Usually the choice comes down to something as defeating as this because most of the time, people or companies facing this do not possess the needed resources to battle such encryptions.Also there is the case about paying out, this makes attackers pursue this kind of attack vector even more in the future and it’s only encouraging them if nothing else.DECRYPTION TOOLS FOR RANSOMWARESome Anti-Virus vendors are generous enough to provide people with free Ransomware Decryptors.This could be worth the look. Avast Kaspersky seem to lead in this field.Some of these Decryptors include the following Ransomware Strains:AES_NIAlcatraz LockerApocalypseBadBlockTeslaCryptBTCWareCrypt888CryptoMix (Offline)CrySiSEncrypTileFindZipGandCrabHiddenTearGlobeJigsawLambdaLockerBartLegionNoobCryptStampadoSZFLockerXDataXDataR akhniRannohShadeCoinVaultWildFireXoristWhatever the case it is always worth the look throughout the internet, maybe you will get lucky and find the cure without having to go through great depths in order to get your data back.Usually paying off full fledged teams to try and recover things for you can be very expensive.CONCLUSIONRansomware is an ever growing issue.Thousands of companies around the world are being threatened and infected, usually by not following simple Security best practices. All of this can be avoided if a good Security Management policy is set in place and most things are done as they should be.As we have discussed, the infection route is most of the times done because Security was not taken seriously and has become an after thought.We believe that by becoming educated with articles such as this, the future might look a little bit brighter for your assets, especially if taken seriously.

The Bomb - Original Writing Essay - 938 Words

It is round seven and you are the only one left alive. You are nervous with your hands shaking uncontrollably. Your heart beat increases rapidly while you try to survive. Your hands begin to sweat as you make your way toward the bomb hoping someone doe not shoot you from behind. Slow and steady. The bomb is about to detonate in forty-five seconds. You have to move faster. Suddenly, you see an enemy run out of his hiding sport. You quickly draw your assault rifle up and shoot him down. One down, two more to go. Time is still ticking. You began to search for the enemies faster so you can defuse the bomb. As you camouflage yourself behind a bush, an enemy walks right by you. You stab him in the back. Now, it is only you and one other enemy. You still have to move because time is still working against you. You only have twenty-eight seconds left. You move toward to the bomb to start defusing it when out of no where you see the enemy coming toward you. You hurry and put the detonator down as you rush to draw your weapon before he kills you and the bombs blows. Both of you are scared to die so the shoot out lasts for fourteen seconds until you finally put a bullet in his head which was your last bullet in the clip. You have six seconds to defuse the bomb. Your life is at risk here; you have to hurry. As you drip sweat from your forehead you are able to cut the wire and defuse the bomb. You have won the game of search in destroy all by yourself. Spending an enormous amount of timeShow MoreRelatedcriminal eviedence Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Criminal Evidence Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Criminal Evidence Hearsay is not confined to oral statements or writings. Nonverbal conduct that is the equivalent of a verbal statement can be hearsay. All courts agree that conduct intended as a substitute for words is within the hearsay prohibition when offered to prove the truth of the intended assertion. 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The Marvel Of The Dark Knight By F. Scott Fitzgerald

â€Å"Because he’s the hero Gotham deserves, but not the one it needs right now. So we’ll hunt him. Because he can take it. Because he’s not our hero. He’s a silent guardian. A watchful protector. A Dark Knight.† –Lt. James Gordon, The Dark Knight. *** Masked vigilantes like Batman, Spiderman and Superman are iconic crime fighters recognized throughout the world for their heroic escapades. Superhero personalities, comic strips, and blockbuster films have flourished since the early 1900s (Cohen, n.d.), and their influence on pop culture is a testament to their transcending popularity. The quintessence of any superhero storyline is an evil villain that plagues society until the vigilante inevitably saves the day. In the real world of†¦show more content†¦A vigilante is an individual who appoints his or herself as an arbiter of justice in a community he or she believes to be deficient in crime and punishment resources. Bruce Wayne—also known as Batman—is Gotham’s vigilante who, from a young age, has had a personal vendetta against criminals after witnessing the fatal armed robbery of his parents. The guilt Bruce feels for the death of his mother and father suggests that his motives are not solely righteou s or just, but vengeful (Nolan, â€Å"Batman Begins†, 2005). But while the corruption of Gotham, the law enforcement, and Batman may seem fictitious, vigilantism is a real-life societal issue. In Arizona and Mexico, vigilante groups fight against the Mexican cartels because the government either fails to take action, or is corrupt itself. However, these vigilante groups can in turn become corrupt as well (â€Å"Amid Mexico’s Drug Wars, Vigilante Groups Are Taking The Law Into Their Own Hands†, 2015). In Gerhard Falk’s book on the American criminal justice system he writes, â€Å"Consequently, the vigilantes themselves became â€Å"outlaws† in that they hanged thieves as well as murderers without consulting any law† (Falk, 2010). Self-appointment and vengeance are just two downfalls of vigilantism, but the act of taking the law into one’s own hands is problematic for the criminal justice system as a whole. Perhaps the most difficult obstructions in

Top Human Anatomy and Physiology Essay Topics Secrets

Top Human Anatomy and Physiology Essay Topics Secrets Understanding body chemistry can help you determine which chemicals are necessary for the body to work properly. The eye is a complicated organ and several experiments can be done in order to examine how eyes do the job. Students that are majoring in biology, physiology or studying medicine need to manage anatomy as an individual paper. In the study of human biology the many systems within the body are examined. The human race isn't virtuous. In short, nursing is a branch or a region that is connected with several fields. If you reside in Oxford, cycling is tough to avoid. Each day is a chance to pick myself up. Parts of the human body that are close to one another, like the fingers, are controlled by areas that are close to one another in the motor cortex. The topic can vary from the overall performance of the human body to any particular portion of it. A good example of a very long bone is the femur in the top regi on of the leg. The issue is that your brain treats all stress as though you're being chased by a tiger. Time how much time it takes near-sighted folks to find out the optical illusions in comparison with folks who have perfect vision. Test numerous dogs and people to see whether there's a difference between breeds and even between people. There are those who can and will provide help. A feeling of panic is currently palpable. The Fundamentals of Human Anatomy and Physiology Essay Topics Revealed Alter variables like the quantity of light or kind of reward at the close of the maze to determine if there is an affect. It's possible to study the heart by modeling the way that it works and keeps blood flowing in the proper direction. Taking our time between poses to observe the before and following effects may also improve our sensing abilities. For the test to be fair, other aspects that could impact the results of the experiment ought to be kept the same, or controlled. To p Human Anatomy and Physiology Essay Topics Choices Whichever topic it's, choosing an overall research is always helpful. Many professors defined a specific word count, and students want to compose the essay within the term limit. Students should begin the writing with a suitable research question Start writing with a very good research question requires that students are certain about the topic and have sufficient info to compose an essay on it. Selecting the right topic so far As topic selection goes, students may begin with making a very long collection of topics. Every argument should be correctly finished. All citation has to be done according to the style mentioned by professors. All arguments that you've introduced in the essay must be suitably concluded in the ending part. The thesis statement has to be restated. The Do's and Don'ts of Human Anatomy and Physiology Essay Topics Get 10 or more volunteers because everyone reacts differently to precisely the same quantity of caffeine, and a little number of volunteers could provide misleading outcomes. Among the more destructive kinds of pollution is acid rain. Lung capacity is the sum of air that lungs can hold. Students could examine strategies to lessen erosion by testing water flow on different kinds of ground like sand or soil. Essays must be tailored in accordance with the particular requirement of professors. Assignments are the right way to demonstrate wisdom and applicability abilities. Interestingly, Hippocrates' designation as the father of modern-day medicine is depen dent on his philosophy rather than his understanding of the body. Structure of the paper have to be flawless and smooth Acquiring knowledge is not sufficient. When you're planning a science project, experimenting with optical illusions can provide you an abundance of unique subjects to take on. Part of the issue is there are no studies of Yin Yoga. Animal behavior science projects can be produced around a number of creatures, domestic and wild. There are many anatomy and physiology project ideas out there which can be used for school or workplace. Performing experiments is one method to gain more thorough understanding of anatomy and physiology. Finish the experiment as many times as your dog will allow and see whether a pattern was established.

ERP Project Implementation

Question: Discuss about the ERP Project Implementation. Answer: Introduction: Implementation plan of OilCOs involved the matching process of the ERP processing methods which resulted in the change of entire business process. The company worked on the maximised benefits from the different business practices which includes the streamlines and the additional benefits from the ERP integration. The genetic models are for the OilCo which creates a specification for the oil industry. (Parr et al., 2000). There has been a complete success for the improvement of the sales of forecasting with the real time data and the automatic delivery with the improvement of the overall system efficiency. The project significantly includes the time and the relative financial budgeting. The company selected to focus on the ERP solutions. The implementation planning for the ExploreCO has been largely overseen where there has been executive office to involve the period of information in order to work on the cost analysis and the planning process which has been taken place prior to the implementation program. The company is seen to have a modest route with the scope of the project and the budget where there is a proper planning for the implementation and to go live in the time of 11 months. The organisation is included in the seaward gas and the investigation of the oil and generation. There has been a chosen centralised server which is based on the ERP arrangement. (Parr et al., 2003). The biggest complexity of the centralized computer is by OilCo which has been based on the different business procedures. There has been a real change to the business procedure of the organisation in order to coordinate and work on handling the ERP strategies which have been through the different execution pointers. The financial plan and the extension for the tasks have been unassuming than the usage of the OilCO which include the advancement of the industry of the oil with the particular module. The deals are made to anticipate the mechanised requests along with the conveyance forms for the information setup of the ongoing money. There has been enhancement with the streamlines business process. (Tadinen et al. 2005). OilCOs implementation has been resulted in the business benefits which are for the better sales forecasting. There has been a complete automation ordering and the process of delivery with the real time financial data that has led to the improvement of the data quality and the other streamlined business process. The explorations of the ExploreCOs has been based on the augments from the OilCOs CSFs. The company deals with the mechanised requests with the conveyance forms to handle the ongoing money related information. the documentation on the current framework is important for the reestablishment and the reengineering framework. The CSF has been successful for the ExploreCO which is set to hold the standards with the customisation and the conveyed dates. There have been running of the OilCO administration to back up the basics through the usage. There have been organisations to hold the CSF with the proper contrast that is able to work on arrangement, setup and the improvements. ExploreCO administration backup holds the basics with the usage. The organisation of CSF is same where there is a need for the encouragement to accomplish a venture champion. There have been obligations where the OilCO has not been able to formally perceive and work on the individual parts. There have been additional varieties for the CSF patterns which include the organisation and the embracing between the two arrangements with the negotiable customisation process and holding the deliverable date patterns. The OilCO is seen to have compelled the commission of the oil industry which is in the particular module. Both the companies have adapted to the policy with the minimised customisation and the deliverable dates. (Markus et al., 2003). The OilCO is forced for the oil industry specific module. There have been minimisation to handle the testing where the OilCO management support is mainly to handle the critical planning, setup and the enhancement. This is through the implementation process. ExploreCo has been working on following the minimised customisation where at the time of testing phase, it has been completely unacceptable for the users. OilCo has been driven with the planning, setup and the enhancement of the solutions where there is a need to focus on the different methodology that is used by the companies which depend on the CSF. The project solutions have been successful as they were properly implemented with the process of the articulation of CSF. There has been adherence to the oil management support with the proper planning, management and the enhancement. The patterns are mainly to take hold of the industry specific modules. (Zainon et al., 2009). The budget and the project scope is based on handling the modest implementation where the OILCO plans for the realignment with the ERP-1. The project is seen to achieve its system goals and is seen to be completed on time with the appropriate budget. The performance is based on the cost analysis with the providing of the leadership and the other system goals that are through the performance indicators. The companies are able to handle the selected mainframe effective with the better sales forecast, with fully automated delivery process and the real time financial data for the streamlined business process. The entire work is based on the involvement of oil industry specific module where a proper planning has helped in the facilitation and the business restructuring. There has been implementation of the sales and the distribution with financial and controlling to hold the profitability analysis. This has led the team to contribute towards the project success. Reference Parr, A., Shanks, G. 2000. A model of ERP project implementation.Journal of information Technology,15(4), 289-303. Parr, A., Shanks, G. 2003. Critical success factors revisited: a model for ERP project implementation.Second-Wave Enterprise Resource Planning Systems: Implementing For Effectiveness. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Tadinen, H. 2005. Human resources management aspects of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems Projects.Helsinki, Finland: Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration. Markus, M. L., Petrie, D., Axline, S. 2003. 18 Continuity Versus Discontinuity: Weighing the Future of ERP Packages.Second-Wave Enterprise Resource Planning Systems: Implementing for Effectiveness, 9. Zainol, Z. 2009.Decision support system for the selection, implementation and evaluation of enterprise resource planning systems(Doctoral dissertation, University of Malaya).

Lord Of The Flies - Evil Inside All Of Us Essays -

Lord of the Flies - Evil Inside All of Us In the novel, Lord of the Flies, the author Golding says that there does not need to be an outside factor for evil. Evil is inside all of us in some form. It is not brought out because in our culture evil is not normal. Our social surrounding compress our need for savagery. In some way or another we all have that need for putting pain in others, even if it was just beating or killing a person or animal. In the novel Jack is the first to discover his internal savageness. As time goes by killing is his one priority. He tries to cover up his love by saying that the group of children needs meat. The truth is that he wants to hunt. The savage inside him that was pushed down by society, his parents, teachers and others is free to surface now. No one suggested to him to hunt. He felt with no adults to put rules to keep them fucfrom having fun he may do whatever he pleases. In the story there were no outside factors for the boys to rely on. With no cultural

Synthesis and Characterization Essay Example

Synthesis and Characterization Essay Example Synthesis and Characterization Paper Synthesis and Characterization Paper Insert the tube into the MSB and take a mental average of the fluctuating reading. 5. Repeat the previous step three times. 6. If the MSB displays a negative number, the coordination complex is diamagnetic and no further steps are necessary. 7. Determine how many unpaired electrons reside on the cobalt. E. Interpreting Infrared Spectrum 1. Assign the bands of the infrared spectrum of the complex. Results A. Synthesizing Carbonatotetraamminecobalt (III) nitrate: [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3 The first attempt to dissolve the ammonium carbonate in 30. 0 mL of water failed because some chunks still remained. It was important to grind the ammonium carbonate down to a fine powder because the dissolution process took place very slowly and bigger chunks would not have dissolved. After all of the 10. 012 g of ammonium carbonate was dissolved, the liquid remained clear. The addition of 7. 56 g of cobalt nitrate to 15. 0 mL of water was very fluent and took on a color between dark purple and maroon. When the ammonium carbonate and cobalt nitrate solutions were added together, the new mixture was a blood red. After the mixture was stirred, however, it darkened and became nearly black. The 4. 0 mL of 30% H2O2 solution which was slowly added caused the mixture to bubble, sizzle and gain heat, while staying black. While the solution, which was poured into a large crucible, was concentrated over a Bunsen burner, evaporation occurred very slowly. During evaporation, the solution bubbled a little, gas was evolved, and the dissolution of 2. 49 g of ammonium carbonate in the hot solution was visible due to tiny bubbles. After the evaporation was complete and the volume had dropped to 48 mL, the solution had the same appearance. However, after suction filtering the solution, the color became a lighter purple. After the cold water bath, it looked somewhat powdery on the bottom. Filtering a second time resulted in only a pink/purple powder which appeared somewhat crystalline. When the solid was mixed with a scupula during the 10 minute drying process, it looked a lot more like crystals. The final mass of the crystals was 3. 039 g. The balanced equation for the synthesis of carbonatotetraamminecobalt (III) nitrate is shown below as well as the calculations for determining percent yield. 2 Two distinct peaks of intensity were noticeable for the absorbance spectrum of the cobalt solution between 350 to 650 nm. Below are the calculations for determining the mass of crystals required to create a solution of the right concentration to produce a spectrum of absorbance at approximately IR spectrum: spikes at frequencies(IR spectrum: spikes at frequencies(cm-1) of 830 and 1380. Discussion A problem occurred during the conductivity measurements of the cobalt complex. The expected values for conductance were between 118 and 131, but the actual calculated value was 43. 88 microseimens. Clearly, the problem arose during the probe reading in the cobalt solution. It is possible that the probes reading was skewed because it made contact with the glass wall of the beaker. This problem would have definitely lowered the reading relative to what it should have been. The absorbance spectrum of the cobalt complex on the wavelength interval 350-650 nm displayed two distinct peaks, meaning that both ions of the coordination compound were separated. This suggests strongly that the coordination compound was indeed synthesized correctly. The absorption intensities at both lambda maxes were relatively close, around 0. 6. These absorption values were used in the Beers Law equation to solve for the molar absorbance, also called the extinction coefficient. Both molar absorbance values are fairly close to 100, but deviations of 4 and 14 imply that some impurities still remain in the compound, possibly left over from the evaporation process. The coordination compound characterization via magnetic susceptibility was rather simple data requiring no calculations. The reason for this is that the magnetic susceptibility reading of the crystal-filled glass tube was equal to the reading of the empty tube, and that both were negative values. Negative values signify that the coordination compound is diamagnetic, which means that no unpaired electrons are present. The reason for the pairing of electrons can be explained with crystal field splitting. When electrons are introduced to d-orbitals, a change in energy occurs. Electrons will move to orbitals with the lowest possible energy. The ideal behavior for electrons after occupying the dxy, dx2, and dyz orbitals is to pair with the electrons already in these same orbitals. This is true only if ? E, or the energy difference from these orbitals to the dx2-y2 and dz2 orbitals, is greater than the energy cost for pairing with electrons in the lower orbitals. In the case of the cobalt complex, the spin pairing energy is much less than ? E, causing the electrons to pair in the lower energy orbitals. This pairing makes the complex a low-spin complex, implying that it is in fact diamagnetic. The goal of the infrared spectroscopy analysis was to prove that the cobalt coordination compound which was created during this experiment was actually created instead of a different compound with similar properties and bonds. [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 and NaNO3 were available to compare with the infrared spectrum of [Co(NH3)5CO3]NO3. Clearly, [Co(NH3)5CO3]NO3 cannot be the same compound as NaNO3 because they only share one infrared band. Both coordination compounds have a band at 3300 cm-1 which corresponds to a N-H stretch, one at 1600 cm-1 corresponding to N-H bending, one at 1300 cm-1 corresponding to N-H symmetric bending, and one at 830 cm-1 corresponding to N-H bending. The most important difference between these coordination compounds lies in the common spike of [Co(NH3)5CO3]NO3 and NaNO3 at 1380 cm-1. Because these two compounds share this spike while the Cl coordination compound does not, the 1380 cm-1 peak must represent an N-O bond, which is the most significant spike on the NaNO3 spectrum as would be expected. During the synthesis of carbonatotetraamminecobalt (III) nitrate, several factors could have contributed to the relatively low quantity of crystals formed in terms of the percent yield. After calculations, it was concluded that 6. 22 grams of crystals should have been produced. However, only 3. 039 grams was actually produced. One of these factors that may have contributed to the low percent error of 48. 86% is the short evaporation stage. Since time was a factor during the experiment, the solution may not have been given enough time to evaporate any impurities. While the final volume of the solution was verified to be 48 mL, under the designated 50 mL, more impurities could have evaporated. If the solution had sat above a Bunsen burner for a greater length of time, it would have undoubtedly become more concentrated. Another factor which possibly contributed to a low percent yield is measurement errors. Although a good level of confidence can be felt about whether or not the right amounts were added, there is always room for error. A simple miscalculation or slight deviation in a measurement could have thrown off the remainder of the synthesis. Furthermore, a very obvious source of error can be found regarding the filtering system. The crystal product is quite soluble in water for the fact that its ions can be easily separated. For this reason, ice cold water was used whenever contact had to be made with the crystals; the low temperature of the water prevents the dissolution of the crystals to some extent. In the filter, some of the crystals could have dissolved and fallen through, which would have resulted in a poor percent yield. In general, this experiment ran very smoothly and achieved its purpose of providing detailed information regarding the properties and synthesis processes of a transition metal coordination compound. To improve the results of percent yield and perhaps to improve the results in many areas of characterization, the evaporation stage should be lengthened to facilitate the removal of remaining impurities.

Capturing memorable moments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Capturing memorable moments - Essay Example To my mind, this is due to the fact that while prose presents images and information through the medium of the authors words, photography narrows the distance between the viewer and the object. In this way, the messages and images which a photo contains appear to be more vivid and articulate. Apart from that, the power of an image also lies in the possibility to grasp all its details immediately and see a picture as a whole. In contrast, the nature of the prose requires the details to be uncovered slowly, sentence by sentence. Obviously, this also can be a powerful tool to deliver the general message, however, as for me, this way is less successful in focusing solely on a situation and on the personal emotions which they call, rather than view the situations through the lens of an author. In a sum, although, each of the given works by Nachwey represent a vivid picture and is likely to produce strong emotional response from the audience, I found â€Å"Crushing Car† more articulate. The author managed to capture the moment that reflects the horror and tragedy of the event. As a result, this still image calls the full range of emotions that cannot leave one ignorant. The essay by Nachtwey raises important questions that reinforce the power of the still image and the power of seeing events rather than listening of imagining them. Visible suffering is to the great extend more striking and is likely to leave a long lasting effect on a person than invisible. In this context, I would argue that vision of the suffering is more powerful than hearing about it or imaging, because the first relates to personal and real experience of a person while the second and the third is about assuming how something occurred. Furthermore, I doubt that in the process of imagining a situation a person can, in fact, restore the horror that occurred in full. A simple example: everyone hears about the realities of

Gendered Language Images and Context Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gendered Language Images and Context - Assignment Example Author comes across a point which I find very interesting: Isn’t there the same determination on transgender people? Even among transgender individuals there’s a need to be defined rather you are a woman with a male gender, or a man with a female? Meanwhile, the main modern concern on a gender is â€Å"to free us from the bounds of enforced arbitrary behavioral norms predicted on gender† and a new category â€Å"transgender† won’t solve the problem (Green 11). Reframing Fortado, â€Å"Have you ever asked yourself what a â€Å"transgender† looks like?† (Fortado 32). Green fairly points, that gender is an absolutely private matter and too wide thing to describe within any categories (Green 14). Butler cites many postmodern authors, who used to doubt everything, and naturally, to question a whole idea of gender. There’s simply no reference for original gender, accept a social opinion on a male/ female performance (Butler 26). It makes gender rather image, created â€Å"around, on and within† the body than a real thing. In this way, gender is referred to artistic sphere, because art performances images. The origin of gender stereotypes may be found in some great books or other types of artworks and influence social expectations on males/ females. Then, may be the way to disprove gender stereotypes is also the artistic way? The site is about the one project which unites different European artists interested in question of gender and different sexuality. The goal is â€Å"to open up a civil reflection on gender and sexual orientation differences† (Performing Gender). When saying, â€Å"I am creating a boy’s world, but from the emotional center of a woman† Schorr firstly denies some strict boundaries between males and females fields of interest. Herself, Schorr is interested in boy’s world, - the world of brotherhood, - despite creating the image of that world viewed by a woman. Schorr investigates about

Engineering procurement and construction

Engineering procurement and construction Integrated Project Teams With Multi Office Execution, A Study Of EPC Projects In Canada Abstract Engineering procurement and construction (EPC) projects in the Canadian oil and gas industry have gained significant economic importance due to rising hydrocarbon commodity price. The oil and gas industry in Alberta has planned to spend approximately 142 billion dollars (Government of Alberta, 2010) within the next two decades on capital projects. Alberta has recognized the shortage of human resources during peak economic activities, to execute mega capital projects. Multi office execution (MOE) is a way forward for all the major EPC houses in Canada to meet the demands of Clients within budget and on schedule. Further, it has been identified by the industry needs that integrated project teams are critical to the success of these complex oil and gas projects. In this environment, project management techniques need to be adapted to match project complexity. This paper will provide much insight through case studies related to project teams in multi office execution, and review the existing literature body of knowledge. An analysis is presented based on the project management knowledge areas. Recommendations are made based on this analysis. The objectives of this paper are to review literature related to managing MOE projects and to determine the keys to success and areas that need improvement in MOE. Introduction Alberta oil and gas industry has gained significant economic importance over the past decades. In 2010, it is estimated that the industry has an inventory of 57 capital oil and gas projects with a total value of 142 billion dollars (Government of Alberta, 2010). Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) companies have been providing oil and gas owner companies with expertise and resources to execute these capital projects. Under current market condition, the oil and gas owner companies want the EPC companies to share more risks. More and more projects are based on lump sum and fixed-fee contracts and are executed under lower budgets and tighter schedules. To stay competitive, many EPC companies have adopted global execution business model. Work is carried out in multiple offices or even by multiple organizations (Macquary, 2003). Cost saving benefit is achieved by allocating project scopes to high-value low-cost offices in other provinces or other countries. The companies may develop a partnership with other companies with specific technical expertise or local business expertise in order to gain market share in a new or emerging market. The MOE improves resource availability under booming economy, where resource shortage becomes a sig nificant problem in executing large projects. Despite several benefits, MOE projects can be very challenging to manage. Although the project management methodology is applicable to both single-office and multi-office projects (Cowle et al, 1995), the multi-office projects require particular emphasis on some of the project management processes. The objectives of this paper are to review literature related to managing MOE projects and to determine the keys to success, challenges and areas that need improvement in MOE. Interviews with project management experts from the EPC industry who have experience managing multi-billion dollar MOE projects provided insights into MOE best practices. The interviews were designed based on project management knowledge areas established by Project Management Institute or PMI (Project Management Institute, 2004) in order to present the findings using internationally accepted framework. These knowledge areas are: project integration management, project scope management, project time management, project cost management, project quality management, project human resource management, project communication management, project procurement management, and project risk management. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 reviews literature related to MOE. Section 3 briefly describes methodology and the MOE projects studied in this paper. Keys to success and challenges for MOE are discussed in Section 4. This is followed by conclusions in Section 5.   Literature Review Multi-Office Execution Concepts Engineering and Construction Risk Institute (2009) defines two main elements of a multi-office executing organization: 1) Lead office which is an office that provides leadership and has overall responsibility for the execution of the project; 2) Support office which is an entity participating in the project under the overall management and supervisory control of the lead office. The multi office execution strategy is found to be popularly framed within concepts such as virtual teams and offshore outsourcing (off shoring). A common definition available for a virtual group/team is a group of geographically and temporally dispersed individuals who are assembled via technology to accomplish an organization task. Joseph (2005) specifically defines Global Virtual Engineering Team (GVET) as a group of geographically dispersed individuals organized through communication and information technologies that need to overcome space, time, functional, organizational, national, and cultural barriers for the completion of a specific engineering task. According to Joseph (2005), the following comparison can be made between a virtual team and a conventional team. The most critical and important feature of virtual teams is that they cross boundaries of space. Whereas the members of traditional teams work in close proximity to one another, the members of virtual teams are separa ted, often by many miles or even continents. Although many traditional, localized teams also communicate through computerized communication media, technology such as video conferencing is typically used by virtual team members to supplement their rare face-to-face communication. In physically collocated teams, members of the team are likely to have similar and complementary cultural and educational backgrounds since they have gone through the same recruitment and selection procedures as they are employed by the same organization. In a virtual team the members may vary in their education, culture, language, time orientation and expertise. There can also be conflicting organizational and personal goals among the members of a virtual team. Multi-office execution also can be part of off shoring when local EPC companies subcontract project activities to branches or a different company in a foreign country. Off shoring is an extreme version of outsourcing, and it refers to the transfer of production/service capacity from a site within a country to a site in another country and then importing back for national consumption of goods and services that had previously being produced locally (Goff, 2005). Off shoring business operations offer a potential for 15-20% cost savings, but further analyses show that organizations that properly plan and operate offshore initiatives can reap substantially higher rewards (Fox and Hughes, 2008). According to Goff (2005) the benefits of off shoring for large companies include: maintaining or increasing profitability by reduced labor costs if resources with the same or higher level of expertise can be obtained in the foreign countries; maintaining its competitive position or even protecting it from going out of business; and increasing the market share of a company by improving their capacity and utilizing available in-house resources to more value added ventures. Canada ranks high among most attractive host countries for companies wishing to locate abroad to improve their financial position according to the offshore location attractive index (Goff, 2005). The multi-office execution has been made possible and successful, solely due to the advancements in the information and communication technology. With the rapid advancement of the electronic age the ability to staff a project from multiple offices has gone from a dream to a practical reality (Cowle et al, 1995). The latest developments in communication technology such as teleconferencing, video conferencing and host of other online applications coupled with ever increasing speed of data, voice and video transfer literally eliminate distance barriers. According to Macquary (2003) we are at a point in time where information technology is allowing us to change many of our traditional way of doing work. Hence it is possible to create an organizational structure agile enough to accept them and quickly apply them to add value. MOE Driving Forces Economy conditions are the main driving forces for the MOE strategy (Macquary (2003), Joshep (2005), Global Insight USA (2004), and Engineering and Construction Risk Institute (2009)). Under booming economy, labor shortage becomes a problem for many organizations and the MOE is a way to acquire project teams from other remote offices or even other companies. The MOE strategy is also used to add resources in order to meet tighter/compressed project schedules. On the other hand, slower economy growth demands constant vigilance over cost. Companies with global operations often allocate or outsource work to high-value low-cost offices, especially when qualified resources with lower wages are available. For instance, offices in India, China or Far East countries could be candidates for such support offices. Company policy to gain market share is another driver for MOE strategy. Companies can setup offices in other countries or develop business partnership with local companies to capture global or emerging markets. A joint venture between companies (or even competitors) with complementing expertise to take on a project that requires diversified expertise is also another driver for MOE. Other driving forces are: development in technology such as internet connections and other communication tools; a need to free resources for core business or higher value purposes; change in educational trend which results in smaller number of graduates in some studying fields (Joseph, 2005). Managing MOE Projects Engineering and Construction Risk Institute (2009) suggested issues to be addressed for MOE projects during sales/pre-execution, project mobilization, project execution, and project completion phases. Key issues are: early engagement with the client to obtain agreement to MOE and address clients concerns; early engagement of the support offices; clear definition of scopes and responsibilities for individual offices and kick-off meetings; alignment of work processes, deliverables, and reports; selecting suitable key project roles who are opened to MOE; and communication plan. Joseph (2005) has identified technology, management, organization, project control and team communication as important items to consider in global virtual team formation and execution. Clear and frequent communication, periodic face-to-face meetings, good communication tools and compatibility in information technology, standard work processes and communication procedures, and clearly defined scope expectations are named as top success criteria for multi-office execution. Whereas lack of or poor communication, lack of face-to-face meetings, lack of understanding of local work practices/ cultural differences and/or language issues, lack of management involvement experienced leadership, changes not handled properly, slow response to changes, incompatible or poor technology including hardware and software are top failure factors found within EPC industry for multi-office execution. Chinowsky and Rojas (2003) outlined the top 10 management issues that must be addressed when initiating and maintaining virtual teams. They are categorized as Team issues and Process issues. Team issues include: initial face-to-face meetings are required to develop a sense of ‘‘team, managers must visit remote participants during the course of the project, trust between team members is difficult to establish when operating in a virtual environment, and virtual team leaders should be selected with an acknowledgment of the unique demands placed on distributed teams. Process issues includes: project objectives must be restated and reinforced frequently to ensure that all members remain focused on a common outcome; conflicts must be addressed quickly to prevent unresolved issues from interfering with communications; discussions on decisions will be more difficult as participants continue discussions via electronic media; expectations of each team member must be stated clearly to assist the members as they work independently; team member workloads should be monitored to ensure that significant increases do not occur due to increased electronic communications; and regular training must occur equally for all members of the virtual team. Methodology And Studied MOE Projects The methodology used in this paper to gain insights into MOE best practices and challenges is interviewing project management experts who have experience managing MOE projects in EPC industry. The interviews were designed using project management knowledge areas: project integration management, project scope management, project time management, project cost management, project quality management, project human resource management, project communication management, project procurement management, and project risk management. The project management knowledge areas are identified by its knowledge requirements and described in terms of their component processes, practices, inputs, outputs, tools, and techniques (Project Management Institute, 2004). The two major reasons for the projects to implement MOE strategy found in this paper are resource constraint and cost saving. All of the projects discussed in this paper were executed during the booming economy (i.e. high oil price) and manpower shortage became a problem for many projects. Therefore, the MOE beame a necessary strategy to acquire project teams with required skills from locations with more resource availability. To save cost, project scopes were allocated to high-value low-cost offices in either other provinces or other countries (e.g., India and China). Cost benefit was achieved in both cases. Some of the projects allocated â€Å"less technical† work such as cloning design work and closing project work to these support offices. Another driving force identified is a company strategy to expand and maintain national or global operations. The MOE strategy is used to balance resource utilization. In booming economy, work is allocated to reduce workload at some offices. During an economy down turn, work is allocated to maintain support offices as it is more economical than closing the support offices and rebuilding them when demand resumes. Engineering work is usually allocated among lead and support offices. For better coordination, a procurement organization is usually setup in the offices that perform engineering design. However, smaller projects may choose to have only one procurement organization in the lead office. Construction is mostly executed by the lead office. However, some construction scopes (e.g., fabrication and modularization programs) may be subcontracted to local or international third-parties, therefore they are considered as MOE. Prime contract management/ legal functions are usually executed by the lead office only. Other project functions such as Project Management, Project Controls, and Document Management are executed from the lead office. However, depending on the size of the project and project strategy, these functions may also be executed from other support offices. Keys To Success Challenges In MOE Further discussion on keys to success, challenges, and areas required improvement for MOE projects is divided into 9 subsections per Project Management Knowledge Areas (Project Management Institute, 2004): project integration management, project scope management, project time management, project cost management, project quality management, project human resource management, project communication management, project procurement management, and project risk management. The discussion is summarized at the end of this section. Project Integration Management For MOE projects, the lead office is normally responsible for developing the project charter and preliminary project scope statement. This is due to closer contact with the Client. Furthermore, at the early stage of the project, the support offices may not have been involved yet. It is important that the project management team provides MOE justification to gain support from the Client. It is recommended that the project management plan developed during the planning phase addresses the MOE strategy including high-level justification, organization, resource utilization and scope allocation. Some projects may choose to develop a separate subsidiary plan which addresses MOE issues such as scope allocation, responsibility, and communication in more detail. The MOE brings many challenges in monitoring and controlling project work. All offices should take responsibility for their own work but the lead office must take the responsibility to monitor and control overall project work. Managers in the lead office need to understand their roles in monitoring and controlling project work even though the work may be executed by the support offices. Basic communication approaches such as regular phone calls and VDO conference meetings and information systems that allow progress information to be collected from support offices are used for monitoring and controlling project work. Project changes should be managed and controlled centrally by the lead office. Changes are initiated from all offices but only the lead office should have authorization to approve changes. The approved changes need to be captured and project plans (e.g., budget and schedule) are adjusted accordingly. It is important that no office should start executing the changes before they are approved even if the changes are initiated by the Client. Closing project is identified in this paper as one of the major challenges in MOE. Each office is normally responsible for closing the work under their scopes. However, the support offices have smaller scopes of work, therefore they usually de-staff earlier than the lead office. If the support offices de-staff before the close out is complete, the work is transferred to the lead office which may not have sufficient background understanding to properly close out the work/scope. To avoid this circumstance, the projects must plan and execute the project closing process carefully. It is also important that sufficient budget is allocated for the project closing process. Electronic archiving of project documents is recommended to facilitate the project closing. Other challenge identified for project closing process is lessons-learned management. Lessons learned from all offices need to be captured, analyzed for follow-up actions or recommendations, archived, and internally published. Lessons learned are proprietary and required careful review before they are published to avoid any commercial or legal impacts. Some EPC companies may have a corporate function dedicated to manage lessons learned from all projects. If not, the project management team in the lead office should be responsible for managing lessons learned from all offices. As this is a part of project closing, management of lessons learned needs to be planned, scheduled and have budget provided for like other project work. Project Scope Management After the preliminary project scope statement is developed, the project scope must be further refined. Scope allocation among the offices is a major part of scope management for MOE projects. Depending on the types of projects, the scope can be further divided vertically or horizontally. For example, oil and gas facility construction projects normally divide scope vertically by geographical areas of the facilities while power plant construction projects usually divide the scope horizontally, by specialized technical systems such as steam lines, control systems, rotating equipments, etc. Nevertheless, the project scope should be divided in the fashion that requires as little coordination as possible. In reality establishing a balance between MOE scope division and effort to coordinate the project scopes becomes a fine art for the project management team. Several criteria are used to allocate the scopes among the multiple offices. These include expertise and experience, cost, resource availability, and organizational strategy. The lead office is mainly responsible for scope allocation. It is identified in this paper that clear understanding of scope is one of the key elements to successful MOE. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the lead office organize kick-off meetings to engage the support offices as soon as possible in order to develop the scope definition and WBS. It is crucial that these processes are a joint effort between the lead office and support offices. This will develop a better understanding of the scope and a sense of ownership for the support offices which will later benefit the scope control process (e.g., recognizing scope changes and their impacts). Tools that are used for scope planning are responsibility matrices that clearly indicate the responsibility among the offices at project deliverable level (e.g., division of responsibility, material assignment schedule, control and monitoring needs, etc.). Detail responsibility to verify and accept the project deliverables can also be included in the responsibility matrix. Critical deliverables are accepted directly by the lead office for review before transferring to the Client, while the other deliverables can be submitted directly by the support offices to the Client. However, the lead office has overall responsibility to ensure that the project deliverables are completed as per project scope. The scope should be controlled centrally by the lead office as a part of integrated change management discussed in the previous section. As a result, it is important that the lead office has a good understanding and control of the scopes that are performed by all offices. Project Time Management Project work broken down into tangible components and assigned to a resource is essential for schedule development. Project schedules should be developed by the lead office in close communication and cooperation of support offices. The lead office usually initiates high-level schedule which contains major project milestones usually knows as master schedule, then the support offices provide detail information (e.g., activity sequence, activity resource estimating and activity duration estimating) to be incorporated into the master schedule. Once the project schedule is developed and adopted as a time management tool, activity status information required to update this schedule is collected from all offices. It is important that all offices follow the master project schedule. Use of universal scheduling tools that provides visibility to all offices particularly benefits the MOE execution. Communicating and resolving schedule misalignments among offices is considered to be one of the challenges for MOE. Therefore, it is recommended that the master schedule control is centralized and the lead office assign personnel to coordinate schedule information from all offices. Project Cost Management Cost estimating is a significant activity during the early execution of the project. During the early stage the scope and responsibilities are with the lead office, therefore the cost estimating is also performed by the lead office. Early estimates are conceptual estimates with some details (e.g., major equipment cost, estimated bulk quantities and construction cost). When further design development takes place and if significant scopes are allocated to support offices, area estimators could be assigned to provide input to the lead estimating team. Detail estimates are developed when significant engineering is completed. Input and feedback from all the execution offices are used in developing detail estimates. Once the detailed estimates are approved and implemented each support office is responsible for its scope of work. Typically, total cost management and final reporting remain the responsibilities of the lead office. Cost control strategy can be either centralized or decentralized, depending upon the scope splits, project staffing, level of effort needed to control and report project cost. For instance, if a support office is allocated a small scope (e.g., the support office only produces isometric drawings), total cost control can be performed by the lead office. On the other hand, if a support office has significant scope (i.e. a complete plant area), cost control for that area can be assigned to the support office with periodic reporting to the lead office. Regardless of centralized or decentralized cost control strategy, the lead office has a responsibility to control and report to the Client overall project cost. Project Quality Management The quality planning should be initiated by the lead office with consideration to Clients quality standards and requirements. Project quality assurance and quality control are typically executed by all offices. For the MOE projects that involve support offices from foreign countries or from different companies, different quality practices may be allowed as long as they comply with the project quality management plan. In case the quality assurance and control of support offices do not comply to project quality plan, the lead office may need to execute these two processes as appropriate. Project Human Resource Management For MOE projects, the lead office should initiate the human resource planning by providing allocated man-hour budget to the support offices. Factors such as capability, reliability, quality, and expertise of the support offices should also be considered when developing the budgets. Then the support offices are responsible for developing their own staffing plans. The lead office should also ensure that: the budgets allocated to the support offices are appropriate; all managers are trained to do staff planning; and the staffing plans developed by the support offices align with project plans (e.g., budget, schedule, and scopes of work). As leadership is crucial for project success, the project lead roles (e.g., engineering leads) in the support offices should be identified early. These lead roles provide direction to the teams and are communicating channels between the lead office and the support offices. Some projects may instead select to assign a coordinating role for smaller scope of work allocated to the support offices. Lead offices may influence staff assignments at support offices especially for the lead positions. However, the support offices are usually responsible for acquiring their own project teams for the reasons that they have better knowledge and understanding of their staff as well as they are directly responsible for the staff career development. MOE projects have to overcome many challenges in developing the project team. Phone calls and meetings between offices in different time zones are more difficult to arrange while communicating only via emails may not be an ideal approach to develop a working relationship. Cultures and languages also add challenges to communication. It also takes time to develop trust and working relationship between offices which is a challenge for offices that have never worked together before or offices that have high-turnover or are downsized. Other challenges are standardizing or aligning work processes. This paper identifies that having staff from the leading office visit support offices at regular intervals and vice versa is an effective approach to build project team for MOE projects. These visits could be for training, meetings, or trouble shootings. The project should arrange these visits as often as possible during the project life cycle. VDO conference is also recommended as a more effective meeting tool than just a phone conference. The project management should be instrumental in arrange all-office team building activities such as project progress presentation, discipline presentations and recognition and reward program. Each office is responsible for managing its own staff. However, the lead office needs to manage overall performances of the support offices. Cultural difference should be considered for appropriate management style. It should also be noted that the performances between offices should not be compared without understanding the legitimate factors that may impact the performance from each office (e.g., expertise experience). Other challenge found in managing the MOE team is that delivery and performance issues (e.g., rework, delay, or actual amount of remaining work) may not be communicated to the lead office. These are often driven by fear of negative consequences such as losing work. Therefore, it is important to set reasonable performance targets based on capability of the support offices and the lead office provides support in solving any performance issues such as training and trouble shooting. Project Communication Management As a part of communication planning, it is recommended that the stakeholder analysis is performed for all offices to determine the project communication requirements. Communication planning should address information, information originator, information receiver, frequency, and communication medium. It is important that the lead office is the only point of contact for handling commercial and contractual matters. When appropriate, mass communication methods such as group email, project portal, shared drive are recommended for MOE projects. It is important that project changes (e.g., revisions) are communicated with high priority between offices to prevent rework, especially if work is shared between multiple offices (e.g., outputs from one office become inputs for the other offices). To facilitate the information distribution during the execution phase, the use of information distribution matrix is recommended. The matrix determines the list of employees that the information is to be distributed to and is managed by document management group. Overall project performance reporting should be a responsibility of the lead office with inputs from support offices. The performance reporting should be included in the communication management plan. Reporting schedule and format should be developed and agreed upon by all offices. Necessary trainings (e.g., use of tools to collect performance information, data gathering and data analysis) should be provided to all offices to ensure reporting accuracy and consistency. Project Procurement Management One of procurement decisions to be made at the beginning of an MOE project is purchasing and managing strategy for each material commodity. It is generally more economical that bulk material (e.g., bulk piping materials, steel, and cables) requirements from all offices are consolidated and purchased together by the lead office. However, commodities that require customized engineering design such as mechanical and electrical equipments may be managed more effectively if they are procured by the same engineering office. After the decisions are made, the procurement organization then can be setup to support the commodity management strategy. It is a best practice to have procurement organizations in all engineering offices. However, some smaller projects may choose to setup only one project procurement organization in the lead offices. Subcontract function (which is a part of procurement management per project pr

Vampires and Vampirism Essay -- exploratory essay research paper

Vampires and Vampirism Missing Works Cited    The vampire of today is most commonly associated with the type that was created by Bram Stoker when Dracula was published in 1897 (Florescu and McNally 221). This popular cultural icon is described by Stoker in his novel: "The teeth were strong and white, and the canine teeth protruded over the lower lip when the mouth was closed. The [vampire's] hands were large and powerful, the nails black and pointed like a bird's talons" (qtd. in Florescu and McNally 227). However popular, the vampire-as-monster theme has not always been the primary way of employing this motif. The vampire of the English Romantics served more as symbol or as a metaphor rather than an actual character that haunted the night, plunging his fangs into the neck of unsuspecting victims to drain them of their life's blood (South 251). Indeed, the use of vampirism symbolically could actually be considered a "stock literary motif" in the nineteenth century (Grudin 52). The themes of sex and violence that are the essence of the vampire serve to expose the sexual and psychological uneasiness that reside deep inside human beings through interaction with these creatures (South 251). This creature is used as an element in nineteenth-century literature as a combination of all of the classic elements that distinguish the vampire from other creatures and to examine human experience. The vampire's English literary life began in 1819, when The Vampyre was published. The author of this novel was John Polidori, Lord Byron's doctor and companion, who finished the idea that Byron had started but never completed. The popularity of this novel resulted in what could be called a "vampire craze" in the 1820s in both English and F... ...e alive by moonlight while others will perish from the light of the sun. Some central similarities that span cultures are the importance of blood, the sexual connotation associated with the relationship between vampire and victim, the rancid odor they emit, the fact that they eat little, if any, food, and perhaps the most disheartening to humans, their inability to die. The central themes of vampire folklore seem to be violence and sexuality (South 246). It is not difficult to relate the penetration of the (usually male) vampire's long fangs into its (usually female) victim and the ensuing ecstasy that results from the consumption of blood with the act of penetration. The vampire/victim relationship may also be seen as one of domination/submission because vampires were seen as power-seeking beings who will seek relationships that satisfy this need (Auerbach 6).

The Communist System of Government

Communism is an ideal society that is unrealistic for humans to maintain. In this system major resources and means of production are owned by the community rather than by individuals. The society is without money, without a state, without property and without social classes. All people would contribute to the society according to their ability and take from the society according to their needs. Fredrick Engel's believed that a proletarian could only be liberated by abolishing competition, private property, and all class differences, and replacing it with association. The concept was derived from ancient sources, such as Plato's Republic and the earliest Christian communes. In the early 19th century, the idea of a communist society was a response to the poor social classes that developed during the beginning of modern capitalism. Communal societies have existed for centuries, yet they eventually failed. Throughout history, religious groups have had the most success in maintaining communes. The Roman Catholic Church established monasteries all over Europe in the middle Ages. Most of these small-scale private xperiments involved voluntary cooperation, with everyone participating in the governing process. Philosophers Karl Marx and Fredric Engel influenced the movement of communism greatly. In the late 1800's the two discovered that they had individually come to ideal opinions on the perfect society. They collaborated their ideas in their most famous â€Å"Communist Manifesto†, as well as many other informative pamphlets. Third World countries striving for national independence and social change experimented with their philosophies on economics. Fredrick Engel wrote, â€Å"The general co-operation of all members f society for the purpose of planned exploitation of the forces of production, the expansion of production to the point where it will satisfy the needs of all, the abolition of a situation in which the needs of some are satisfied at the expense of the needs of others, the complete liquidation of classes and their conflicts, the rounded development of the capacities of all members of society through the elimination of the present division of labor, through industrial education, through engaging in varying activities, through the participation by all n the enjoyments produced by all, through the combination of city and country — these are the main consequences of the abolition of private property. The philosopher's ideals were kindled by the mistreatment of the working class throughout history. Every social system of the past, Marx argued, had been a device by which the rich and powerful few could live by the toil and misery of the powerless many, therefore causing class differences and conflict. Engel and Marx believed that the capitalist system was flawed and was bound to destroy itself. They tried to show that the more productive the system became, the more difficult it would be to make it function: The more goods it accumulated, the less use it would have for these goods; the more people it trained, the less it could utilize their talents. Capitalism, in short, would eventually choke on its own wealth. Poverty rapidly spread through civilized countries during the industrial revolution in the late 18th century. It was precipitated by the discovery of the steam engine, mechanical loom, and other various mechanical devices. Only â€Å"big capitalists† could afford the expensive achines, which transformed the entire mode of production. Former workers were replaced by machines, which were more productive, along with cheaper labor. Industrial product (brought about by machine labor) prices decreased, completely destroying the old system of hand labor. Within no time the bourgeoisie (big capitalists) increased profits and the former workers remained with nothing. The former workers, proletarians were then forced to work minimum wage for the bourgeoisie. They only provided the lower class enough money to survive, so they would not be able to rise above their class. So as the old saying goes, â€Å"the rich got richer and the poor only got poorer†. Many countries were revolutionized by Europe's mechanical industry production. Countries such as India and China were complete strangers to historical development, until they were violently forced out of their isolation. They bought cheaper commodities from the English and allowed their own manufacturing workers to wither away. Due to the one world market, civilized countries have repercussions in third world countries. By abolishing private property, competition would become obsolete. Karl Marx did not think that competition and individual management of industry could be separated, so his solution was to destroy both of the problems with one stone. He wanted to limit private property through progressively increasing property taxes (basically taxing the bourgeoisie). By removing competition, greediness would be eliminated. â€Å"Greediness is a consequence of capitalism and is merely a learned quality†, explains Kominf. If all humans were treated equally, there would be no need to compete with one another. In the ideal society, the state would provide ducation for all children. The children would be trained for a variety of occupations. Thus entering the work force, they would be prepared for a variety of jobs. Workers would rotate occupations in response to the needs of society. No longer would they be bound or exploited to their occupation. This would remove class differences, such as the one-sided character that is transfixed upon our current society. The variety of classes would soon disappear because there would no longer be a division of labor. Within a communistic society commodities are traded, opposed to using money. Commodities value is based upon the amount of labor time that was necessary to produce the product. However, this could result in a situation in which a lazy worker taking their time about making a commodity makes a commodity worth much more than the commodity made by a hard working efficient worker. If this were the case then employers would be sacking their diligent workers while telling the rest to go as slow as they can. Instead of Right-Wing politicians lambasting the poor for being lazy they would be lambasting them for being too hard working. This is not, however, what determines the value of a commodity. What determines the value of a commodity is the labor time socially necessary for its production. Shortages, inequalities, and coercive government have persisted in countries that call themselves ‘communist'. The followers of Marx that have come into power in nations have lacked some preconditions that Marx and Engel considered essential. Russia was one of the first countries to experiment with their own revised version of communism. In the early years its enemies within the country challenged the government's very existence repeatedly. The country strived to transform their backward country into a leading industrial nation and first rate military power. However this task required harsh discipline imposed only by an unrelenting dictatorship. Which controlled all of citizens activities. The resulting system of total control has been labeled totalitarianism. Totalitarianism by no means carried out Marx and Engel visions of utopia. The country's cultural and intellectual life remained under the control of the ruling party. Eventually in the early 1980's, the USSR had become the world's second-ranking industrial power. Its armed might and industrial potential were backed by important scientific advances and by a generally high level of technical education. However, their living conditions were low in comparison to that of the Western countries. The success was not maintained for more than a decade. In 1991 the political struggle led to the collapse of the Soviet Communist Party. In order for communism to succeed, it must be world wide. This is because of our one world market that exists in modern day. Countries in the world depend on one another for economical growth. Although with this dependency, the countries rise and fall with one another's economy. The internet is spreading the word of communism. Groups represented throughout the world are preparing for a future revolution. Unfortunately they are not afraid of brutally taking lives to get what they want. It is expected that one day the large number of the working class will join together and revolt against their higher class. If communism were to be world wide, they would be able to completely abolish competition. Within removing competition, people's trait of greediness would soon wither.