School, Work, Friends Stress in Teens - 2026 Words

SCHOOL, WORK, FRIENDS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. WHAT TO DO! Stress is the most common thing in a teen’s life. The most common stressors are School, Work, Family Environment, and even Friendships/relationships. Those are the top categories that teens stress about. Most of the stress is natural and normal, but too much stress can cause serious problems. It is said that female teens have a higher rate than boys to stress out (http://www.nbcnews.com/id/20322801#.UqJn8UPnaUk). Teens should learn how to manage stress in a productive and calming way.Excessive stress can build up making it hard to focus on things that are important. Too much stress can make it harder to fight illnesses like the cold. It also makes it hard time fighting against cancer. How a person†¦show more content†¦Teens have to deal with their drama on top of whatever they are going through. When your friends break up with their boyfriends/girlfriends that somehow will affect other people, and their lives. They would want their friends to take their side (T.H.Hol mes pg. 5-7). Friends can affect you by peer pressure and the fact that they tell them everything. When teens tell their friends everything that happened about a certain thing, teens then are part of drama and stressful situations.People would want them to tell what happened, which is also part of drama. The story is converted or twisted to make it seem interesting. This has to deal with peer Pressure. Peer Pressure is a really big thing when it comes to social events and more importantly friends. Your friends want to take up most of your time.But that is not always convenient. It is a good idea to hang out with your friends just don’t do it all the time (Chisholm, Patricia). Make time to do other important things to. It also doesn’t help that your friends don’t care about the same things. Of course you like some things or teens wouldn’t be friends. You might think that school is important and you spend a lot of time on homework, they might only think ab out drama and partying all the time. That could be stressful because the fact that you want to go out and have fun, you have other things to do. You are probably asking how this stresses teens out; well teens worry or think about either going out with yourShow MoreRelatedThe Destruction of Stress in the Lives of Teenagers801 Words   |  4 PagesLarge amounts of stress in a teenager’s life can lead them down a destructive path. This problem occurs every day, and is a common occurrence in every teen’s life. There are many different causes of stress and even more ways it can affect the person. Mandy causes of stress may include: expectations from loved ones and teachers, family problems, social issues, and balancing school, extracurricular activities, and work. Some teens are very good at managing their time while others cannot handle as muchRead MoreStress in Teens: When is it too much?1059 Words   |  5 Pagesyoung woman. She encompasses a big group of friends and gets pretty sensible grades. She appears to have herself together. No one realizes what she has to undergo to keep herself that way. She is making an attempt to balance school, work, and sports. She feels flooded perpetually because she feels she has no time. Eventually she breaks down. She stops making an attempt in class, equal her job, and gets launched the volleyball team. Giant amounts of stress on a young person will lead them down a destructiveRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A Growing Epidemic1733 Words   |  7 Pagesthe incidents that happen with accidental teenage pregnancy are spontaneous acts that involved a lack of education and parental guidance. Two years ago, 19.4 percent of teen girls got pregnant in Maryland, according to The Office of Adolescent Health. According to guttmacher.org, â€Å"Although 70% of girls use contraceptives, most teen pregnancies happen because of misuse or failure of birth control† (http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/fb_contr_use.html) For example, a guy and girl are in a bedroom, andRead MoreThe Death Of A Girl1236 Words   |  5 PagesImagine this. There is a fifteen-year-old girl walking into first block at her high school. She is trying to remember what is due today for her first class and the rest to follow. Today is a different day though; it is the one-year anniversary of her stepbrother committing suicide. Not everyone knows that today is the day, but she doesn’t want to talk about it. She is stressed about the homework she might not have done and her mind is in so many different places. The first bell rings so she takesRead MoreWhat ´s Teen Anxiety?817 Words   |  4 Pageshad an increase in teens recently. In the last 30 years, the statistics for anxiety in fifteen to sixteen year olds have doubled for both girls and boys (â€Å"Increased Levels of Anxiety†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1). It is said, â€Å"in societal moments like the one we are in†¦it often feels as if ours is the Age of Anxiety†(Henig 1). Anxiety affects teenagers profusely because the emotions of a teenager are more vulnerable than those of an adult. The brain of a teenager is not fully developed and the stress put on teenagers toRead MoreEffects Of Stress On Young Adults1667 Words   |  7 Pagespositive stress, stress in young adults has become an overwhelming obstacle in the way many of them function; managing, utilizing, and overcoming stress will help them become more successful in life. Stress is the body s normal emotional and physical response to different stimuli and different situations that it may encounter. Any situation, either positive or negative, may start to become dangerous when it builds up to a point of being overwhelmed. It is a common experience for teens to feelRead MoreStress And Its Effect On Our Lives1494 Words   |  6 PagesSinister Stress Everyone has stress, but not everyone realizes the impact it has on their lives. Most people don’t realize or understand the amount of stress they are under. What used to be considered extreme levels of stress has become normal in today’s society. Most people, adults especially, don’t realize that teens largely experience these high levels of stress. Before talking about the stress that teens experience, though, it is best to understand what stress is and why one has it. Stress is a naturalRead MoreThe Effects Of Homework On Teens Sleep Schedules, Stress Levels, And After School Opportunities1632 Words   |  7 Pagesstarted homework as a way of punishing his students for not doing their work. Nowadays, homework is assigned to help students receive more practice for what they learned in school that day. Despite the good intentions that homework is supposed to provide, it actually proves more harm than good. In the twenty-first century, the increase of homework negatively affects American teens’ sleep schedules, stress levels, and after school opportunities. Parent involvement in homework can turn into parent interferenceRead MoreTeen Stress Essay871 Words   |  4 PagesMany people in high school, mostly teens, experience dozens of pressure in their life. To be specific, Schoolwork. Most teens want to excel in school, but want to have a social life or play some kind of sport. One thing that teens don’t understand is that once you’re out of high school, you have college, and then maybe graduate school. Our education will not be over just in High School. You have to work hard and these four years of your life, will impact everything that you do. If you mess up evenRead MoreMajor Stressors in Teens Lives1236 Words   |  5 PagesMajor Stressors In Teens’ Lives What is stress actually and how do we determine who is stressed? Most of us describe stress as when everything became too much that we are overloaded and wonder if we can cope with the amount of pressure placed upon us. Stress actually is anything that poses challenge or a threat to our well-being is a stress. While most people took stress as something negative, it can also be a good thing as it gets you going in life – when there are problems which need to be solved

Gm Powertrain - 1906 Words

Introduction Joe Hinrichs, a recent Harvard Business school graduate, was hired in February 1996 to run the General Motors’s the Fredericksburg Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) manufacturing plant. At 29 years old, Hinrichs was GM’s youngest plant manager. Hinrichs was inheriting a poor performing plant that continually underachieved, losing money year after year. Improvements were desperately needed to increase the efficiency of the manufacturing process and reduce operating costs. GM had considered shutting down the plant; however, when a new bonding process, using carbon fiber, for the TCC was approved in 1995, GM instead invested thirty million dollars into the Fredericksburg plant to incorporate the new process.†¦show more content†¦He knew that if he could reconfigure the plant away from assembly lines and into individual work stations, workers would be able to take more ownership of their work, producing better quality parts and be self-motivated by being able to measure their individual output, increasing job satisfaction. The new cells turned out to be a hit. Workers were excited about having more control over their output and being part of the new process. Hinrichs’s active management of change within the factory and focus on worker satisfaction and buy-in resulted in a lot of small victories that he used to win over the workforce’s trust and respect. In the process, Hinrichs transformed the plant from one that was resistant to change to one that embraced and was excited for change. Process Improvements One of the biggest needs for improvement was the assembly process. Although several changes were made throughout the years, quality and efficiency still fell below expectations. Hinrichs implemented the newly developed assembly which consists of two separate work stations that allowed operators in the adjacent stations to share the expensive balancer machine. These assembly cells were much more efficient as workers were no longer forced to wait for another person or machine in the process. Each cell was built like the other with quick turn set-up which created flexibility in the process while also reducing tooling inventory by almost a half. Now cellsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gm Powertrain Case Analysis2578 Words   |  11 PagesGM Powertrain: Case Study Shannon Mitchell Regis University October 30, 2011 History The General Motors (GM) manufacturing plant located in Fredericksburg, VA was purchased and renovated by GM in 1978. Although this is a small plant comparatively to many of GM’s other plants it is a staple within the small town of Fredericksburg. As a major producer of the Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) for GM’s automatic transmission worldwide the Fredericksburg plant plays a key role in GM’s manufacturingRead More General Motors Inc. Essay examples1410 Words   |  6 Pageswhich are essential to competing in the global market place.(2) In the spirit of entrepreneurship, which is the process of discovering new ways of combining resources,(5) General Motors is a majority shareholder in GM Daewoo Auto Technology Company of South Korea, and has product, powertrain and purchasing collaborations with Suzuki Motor Corporation in Japan.(3) These associations allow General Motors to maneuver into specific customer markets and broaden its product base. Being an inno vative organizationRead MoreGeneral Motors Corporation ( Gm )1074 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral Motors Corporation (GM) General Motors Corporation (GM) is another leader in the automobile industry. It is located in Detroit and operates in almost 157 countries. It has close to 207,000 employees. Its products are Chevrolet, GMC, Buick and Cadillac. GM revenue was almost $155.4 billion globally during 2013 (Ruiz, 2014). Financial performance. According to GM’s 2014 10-K, over the past five years, GM’s revenue is expected to increase from 9.6% to $19.7 billion. GM filed for bankruptcy inRead MoreFord Motor Company: the Product Warranty Program1730 Words   |  7 Pagesyear/12000 miles in 1970. Any additional warranty to powertrain was made optional. Rivalry competition on warranties Chrysler had mean the most aggressive warranty marketer in the industry and they increased powertrain basic warranty from 2 year/24000 miles to 5 years/50000 miles by positioning their car as higher quality than before. This caused Ford and GM to lost 0.5% market share each. Due to this, in 1986, they both increased the powertrain basic warranty to 3years / unlimited miles. As a supportRead MoreThe General Motors, Ford and Honda Companies904 Words   |  4 Pagesand Honda. General Motors (GM)’s has different brands, including, Buick, Cadillac, GMC, and Chevrolet. Ford’s major products inclu de the Ford Fiesta, Ford Mustang, Ford Focus, and Ford Explorer. Volkswagen is known for their VW Passat and Jetta. While Honda’s main attractions are their Honda Civic and Honda Accord. According to Bloomberg Personal Finance, worldwide vehicle sales at Toyota rose 2.4 percent to 9.98 million units last year. This resulted in Toyota leading GM and Volkswagen in global autoRead MoreEssay On 2018 Ram 3500945 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the most crucial mechanical functions. This truck has been designed to separate itself from its competitors like GM and Ford. For example, you have a solid front axle, and you can choose from either rear wheel drive or four-wheel drive. The height adjustments and air suspension also help to make this one of the best vehicles in its class. (-- removed HTML --) Powertrain (-- removed HTML --) Compare this vehicle from Indian Trail RAM to the same model from 2011, and you truly start to seeRead MoreGmc Case Study722 Words   |  3 Pageshe bought back into GM in 1917, he brought along Chevrolet, which today remains the number one selling brand of GM. He went on to found a brand called Chevrolet. After developing some of the first trucks ever created, General Motors, an emerging mogul in the automobile industry, acquired Rapid Motor in 1909. Military, producing over 600,000 trucks. â€Å"Chevy† was developed to produce a wide variety of vehicles to compete with Ford. And thanks to a variety of body styles, powertrains and trim levels, theRead MoreHybrid Vehcile6999 Words   |  28 PagesSAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2003-01-2307 A Comparative Study of the Production Applications of Hybrid Electric Powertrains Harry L. Husted Delphi Corporation Reprinted From: Hybrid Vehicle and Energy Storage Technologies (SP-1789) Future Transportation Technology Conference Costa Mesa, California June 23-25, 2003 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 U.S.A. Tel: (724) 776-4841 Fax: (724) 776-5760 Web: www.sae.org All rights reserved. No part of this publication may beRead MoreGeneral Motors, And Tesla Motor s Competitive Strategies2209 Words   |  9 PagesThis study discusses Toyota, General Motors’ (GM), and Tesla Motor’s competitive strategies. These three companies are top leaders in the automotive industry, and this paper focuses on what their current strategies are and how they develop and manage their opportunities. The paper will also address what can impact these three companies, how they protect their company from competitors, and some recommendations for each companies. Industry Analysis between Toyota and General Motors, and Tesla MotorRead MoreConsumer Opinions And Observations Regarding The American Auto Industry847 Words   |  4 Pagesmemories, not just lawsuits and Congressional investigations, are what GM has to work hardest to overcome.† (Forbes Welcome, n.d.) â€Å"The auto maker GM for example, lost its position as the world’s biggest automaker and it wound up in a government-sponsored Chapter 11 filing, which cost American taxpayers $50 million.† (Forbes Welcome, n.d.) What we have seen in recent years is a huge decline in quality, and some auto makers like GM are running to fix their tarnished reputatins, but the recalls contunie

National Commercial Banking Corporation - Free Samples to Student

Question: Discuss about the National Commercial Banking Corporation. Answer: Introduction: The law which governs the relationship between the principal and its agent is the agency Law. Under this law, the principal is held responsible for the acts which are undertaken by his agent, to a third party (Munday, 2010, p. 13). Agency governs the relationship between a principal, and its agent, and in such cases, the agent acts on behalf of its principal. The raison d'tre behind the agency law stems from the absence of awareness to the third party, regarding the presence of authority with agent, for their acts, and so, the principal is held liable for the conduct of their agent (Busch, Macgregor and Watts, 2016, p. 37). It can be broadly made two forms, the first one is the actual authority and the other one is the apparent authority. In actual authority, the individual has the express authority to work on behalf of the principal (Murdoch, 2014, p. 5). The other is the apparent or ostensible authority, under which, the conduct of the principal is such, which leads the third party into believing that there was a presence of the required authority to do the act, even when in actuality, the same authority had never been awarded to the agent (Patterson Law, 2012). In a leading case of Freeman and Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd [1964] 2 QB 480, the plaintiff initiated legal action against the defendant, along with Kapoor, the director of the company, for the unpaid payment of thee architecture work fees. Though, the director was never appointed as the MD or the Managing Director of the company, it was always portrayed that he was the holder of this position. And the other directors were aware about this portrayal. Hence, due to the presence of ostensible authority, the defendant was held liable for the unpaid payment (PQ Magazine, 2017). In another legal case of Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd [1967] 1 QB 549, the defendant was sued by the plaintiff for failing in finishing the takeover deal, as a result of which, a loss was incurred. In this case, the plaintiff was the de facto MD and the CEO of the company and had guaranteed the repayment of money. Though, the payment was denied to the plaintiff and it was stated that he did not have the requisite authority to provide any guarantee. Though, it was held by the court that there was a presence of authority and hence, the defendant was required to honor the guarantee given by its agents (Nanda, 2012). In the case of Watteau v Fenwick [1893] 1 QB 346, the beerhouse was operated by Humble and the plaintiff was the cigar supplier. The interest was assigned to the defendant by the plaintiff and the supply of cigars was continued by the plaintiff to Humble; though he was unaware about the participation of the defendant. The plaintiff sued the defendant for nonpayment. It was held that the defendant was liable for the act of its agent, which was Humble in this case, and he had to pay the plaintiff the amount claimed (Smith, 2012). In the given case, Brad was appointed as the agent by Tina. On basis of his apparent authority, he continued to order fuel from Caltex. Though, even when his authority was revoked, he continued to do the same. Caltex had no knowledge about the same. Applying the case of Watteau v Fenwick here, Tina would be liable for the acts of Brad due to the lack of awareness on part of Caltex about the revocation of the authority, and due to the applicability of ostensible authority. This would make her liable to pay the contractual amount to Caltex. Under the agency Law, the agents have the implied duty of acting in good faith and ensuring fair dealing in the work they undertake on behalf of the principal (Maughan and Wells, 2013). A number of duties are owed by an agent to the principal. This includes the duty of discharging their duties with care and diligence (US Legal, 2017). In the case of Yam Seng Pte Ltd v International Trade Corporation Ltd [2013] EWHC 111, the exclusive distribution rights were given by ITC to Yam Seng in 2009, as per which the plaintiff could distribute the Manchester United fragrances in Australia, Africa, Asia and Middle East. A case was made by the plaintiff against the defendant in 2010 and it was alleged that the defendant had breached the implied term of good faith by providing false information to the plaintiff. The claims of the plaintiff were upheld and the court held that the defendant had to the duty to be honest as a part of good faith (Jones, 2014). In the given case study, Paul withheld the information about the price of vehicle in the market being $ 25 000. He also failed in informing Tina that Fred, his neighbor, was interested in purchasing the same at this price. He instead lied to Tina about needing the vehicle for himself and sold it to Fred, whereby he made a profit of $ 6,000. This was a clear breach of duty imposed on Paul, by being an agent of Tina. Paul had the duty of being honest to Tina and had to inform her about the interest of Fred and the actual market price of the vehicle. He acted in a dishonest manner and so, as per Yam Seng Pte Ltd v International Trade Corporation Ltd, he breached his duty of acting in good faith. Hence, he would have to compensate Tina for her loss and for the breach of agents duties. Whether the action raised against the partnership firm by both Sunstar Computer Hardware Ltd and You Beaut Ute Ltd would hold, or not? Whether George, Sara and Mary can initiate actions against Simon, or not? Partnership can be defined as an arrangement between the parties, who come to be known as partners, whereby they agree to advance their mutual interests by carrying on a business with the aim of attaining profit. Section 1 of the Partnership Act, 1892 (NSW) contains the definition of partnership as per which, for partnership to exist, there has to be a carrying on of a business, which is common and for attaining profits (NSW Legislation, 2012). Partnership is governed by a document, which is known as a partnership agreement and which covers the details of the partnership (Commins Hendriks Solicitors, 2017). The partnership agreement is basically a contract, which sets out the terms of the partnership (Williams, 2011, p. 335). So, when a term in the contract is breached, a claim can be raised by one party, against the other party, as per the contract Law. In case of such breach of contract, the aggrieved party can initiate actions for damages against the breaching party (Latimer, 2012, p. 469). In some cases, the equitable remedies could also be sought after, which can help in stopping the individual, through an injunction; or ask the individual to do some particular task, in form of specific performance; and even rescind the contract through rescission (Clarke, 2016) . Section 53B of the Partnership Act, 1892 (NSW) contains the provisions regarding the partnership agreement. Due to these reasons, the common law of contract can be applied on the partnership. However, even without a partnership agreement, the Partnership Act of NSW allows the formation of a partnership (NSW Legislation, 2012). In addition to the contract law, the agency law, as highlighted in the previous part, is applicable on the partnership. Due to the applicability of the agency law over partnership, all the partners are liable for the actions of each other to the third party (Parisi, 2017, p. 415). Hence, the acts undertaken by one partner, are binding on the entire partnership. This provision is further contained in section 5 of this act, as per which, the partners have the power of binding the partnership and the other partners, for the actions undertaken by them. Section 9 of this act makes the partners liable for all the obligations and debts of the firm, which were undertaken when the individual was a partner (NSW Legislation, 2012). The rationale behind this is that when the partners act in the course of partnership business, they are to be deemed as each others partners and this was held in the case of Lang v James Morrison Co Ltd (1911) 13 CLR 1 (Jade, 2011). In the case of Phillips-Higgins v Harper [1954] 1 QB 411, it was held that as the partners owe a fiduciary duty towards each other, when one of the partners acts as the agent of the firm, the individual would owe duty towards their partners who owe a similar duty back to the partners (Swarb, 2015a). The case of Mercantile Credit Co Ltd v Garrod [1962] 3 All ER 1103 presents the liability of the partners towards the others. In this case, two individuals were in a partnership, where they carried on a business of leading out garages. Under this agreement, both of these individuals were prohibited from selling the motor vehicles. Even though this prohibition was applicable, one of the individuals sold a motor vehicle to the plaintiff, which was not owned by him. Furthermore, in past, he had sold such vehicles to the plaintiff. So, the partnership was sued by the plaintiff for recovery of damages. Looking at how the transaction appeared to the plaintiff, it was held by the court that from his point, the sale was as per the usual course of business and hence, valid (Swarb, 2015b). However, in the case of National Commercial Banking Corporation of Australia Ltd v Batty (1986) 60 ALJR 379, it was held that the partnership firm would not be liable for the wrongful actions of the partner, as they were not as per the scope of apparent authority of the partner, and further because the money received by the firm was not in the ordinary course of the business of the firm (Jade, 2017). In this particular case, a partnership was formed between Simon, George, Sara and Mary. They decided to form a partnership, for which a partnership agreement was drawn. This partnership agreement gave the individuals the power of entering into transactions on behalf of the company, to the value of $10,000. Simon entered into two contracts, one of which was drawn with Sunstar Computer Hardware Limited to the cost of $12,000. The rules stated above provide that the partners and the partnership firm are liable only when the act is done as per the authority given and in the course of business. In absence of transaction done in normal course of business, the firms cannot be held liable. This was a clear breach of the authority given to him as per the partnership act. Hence, applying the case of National Commercial Banking Corporation of Australia Ltd v Batty, the firm would not be liable for this particular act of Simon. This is because this particular transaction not only breached his apparent authority, but also was not as per the partnership agreement. Hence, Simon would be personally liable for this particular contract. Even though the agency law, the governing sections of the Partnership Act, and the cases like Lang v James Morrison Co Ltd make the other partners liable for the acts of their fellow partner, but being the acts beyond his apparent authority, the partners would not be liable and Simon would be held personally liable for the breach of authority and the partnership deed. Moreover, as Simon breached the partnership deed, which acts as a contract, the other partners can initiate action against Simon for the breach of provisions of the partnership act and the breach of contract. This would hold them in stopping Simon from undertaking more such contracts. However, for the agreement drawn with You Beaut Ute Ltd, the same was as per the authority given to Simon and as per the partnership agreement. Hence, the firm would be liable for this particular contract. Conclusion The action raised against the partnership firm by Sunstar Computer Hardware Ltd would not hold; though, the same, when raised by You Beaut Ute Ltd would ne upheld hold and the firm would be liable for the payment of this contract. And George, Sara and Mary can initiate actions against Simon for breach of partnership agreement, as being a contact. References Busch, D., Macgregor, L., and Watts, P. (2016). Agency Law in Commercial Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 37. Clarke, P. (2016). Remedies for Breach of Contract. Retrieved from: https://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/breach-of-contract-equitable-remedies.html Commins Hendriks Solicitors. Written Partnership Agreements Why All Partnerships Should Have One. Retrieved from: https://www.comminshendriks.com.au/written-partnership-agreements-%E2%80%93-why-all-partnerships-should-have-one Jade. (2011). Lang v James Morrison and Company Ltd. Retrieved from: https://jade.io/j/?a=outlineid=62121 Jade. (2017). National Commercial Banking Corporation of Australia Ltd v Batty. Retrieved from: https://jade.io/j/?a=outlineid=67268 Jones, D. (2014). Implied duty of good faith - what is the current position for distributors?. Retrieved from: https://www.agentlaw.co.uk/site/briefing_notes/implied_duty_of_good_faith_what_is_the_current_position_for Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012, 31st ed, Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited p. 469. Maughan, A., and Wells, S. (2013). UK: Good Faith Obligations In English Law. Retrieved from: https://www.mondaq.com/x/252158/Contract+Law/Good+Faith+Obligations+In+English+Law Munday, R. (2010). Agency: Law and Principles. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 13. Murdoch, J. (2014). Law of Estate Agency, 5th ed, London: Routledge, p. 5. Nanda, P. (2012). Hely Hutchinson v. Brayhead Ltd. - The Authority on Actual and Ostensible Authority. Retrieved from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2229158 NSW Legislation. (2012). Partnership Act 1892 No 12. Retrieved from: https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/inforce/f9dfc85e-8f91-e79f-99e5-8042677519f3/1892-12.pdf Parisi, F. (2017). The Oxford Handbook of Law and Economics: Volume 2: Private and Commercial Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 415. Patterson Law. (2012). The Doctrine of Ostensible Authority. Retrieved from: https://pattersonlaw.ca/NewsArticleView/tabid/179/ArticleId/169/The-Doctrine-of-Ostensible-Authority.aspx PQ Magazine. (2017). A Quick Look At Freeman Lockyer V Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd [1964] 2 QB 480. Retrieved from: https://www.aiaworldwide.com/international-accountant/editors-blog/quick-look-%E2%80%A6-freeman-lockyer-v-buckhurst-park-properties Smith, J.C. (2012). Watteau v Fenwick. Retrieved from: https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/collages/1557 Swarb. (2015a). Phillips-Higgins v Harper: QBD 1954. Retrieved from: https://swarb.co.uk/phillips-higgins-v-harper-qbd-1954/ Swarb. (2015b). Mercantile Credit Co Ltd v Hamblin: CA 1964. Retrieved from: https://swarb.co.uk/mercantile-credit-co-ltd-v-hamblin-ca-1964/ US Legal. (2017). Rights, Duties, and Liabilities Between Principal and Agent. Retrieved from: https://agency.uslegal.com/rights-duties-and-liabilities-between-principal-and-agent/ Williams, G. (2011). Corporations and Partnerships in New Zealand. The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, p. 335.

Research Paper on Viscosity Essay Example

Research Paper on Viscosity Essay Viscosity (internal friction) is one of the transfer phenomena, the property of the fluid bodies (liquids and gases) to provide resistance to the movement of one part to the others. As a result, there is a dissipation in the form of work heat expended in moving. Mechanism of internal friction in liquids and gases is that the randomly moving molecules carry pulse from one layer to another, leading to equalization of speed – is described by introducing friction. Viscosity of solids has a number of specific features and is usually considered separately. There are dynamic viscosity (unit in the International System of Units (SI) is Pa †¢ s, in the CGS system – Poise, 1 Pa †¢ s = 10 poise) and kinematic viscosity (unit in SI – m ? / s, GHS – Stokes off-system unit is Engler). The kinematic viscosity can be obtained as the ratio of the dynamic viscosity to density and by its origin is obliged to the classical methods for measuring viscosity, such as measuring time of the predetermined amount of flow through the orifice under gravity. Instrument for measuring viscosity called viscometer. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Viscosity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Viscosity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Viscosity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Transition of a substance from a liquid to a glass is usually associated with a viscosity of the order of 1011-1012 Pa †¢ sViscous friction force is proportional to the relative velocity of bodies, proportional to the area and inversely proportional to the distance between the planes. Proportionality factor, depending on the kind of liquid or gas, is called the coefficient of dynamic viscosity. The difference between viscous friction forces and dry friction is qualitatively significant, among other things the body in the presence of only viscous friction and an arbitrarily small external force is sure to come in motion, that is, for the viscous friction there is no stiction, and vice versa – under only viscous friction body, first moving, will never (within the macroscopic approximation, neglecting Brownian motion) stop completely, although the movement will slow down infinitely. Second viscosity or bulk viscosity is internal friction when moving in the direction of the momentum. It is effective only taking into consideration the compressibility and / or due to the heterogeneity of the second coefficient of viscosity in space. If the dynamic (and kinematic) viscosity characterizes the deformation of pure shear, the second viscosity characterizes the deformation of volumetric compression. The bulk viscosity plays an important role in the attenuation of sound and shock waves, and is experimentally determined by measuring the attenuation. To write a good research proposal, it is necessary to study carefully all the aspects of the chosen topic. Free example research paper will help you to gather enough of relevant data to prepare first-rate research proposal on the issue. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research paper on Viscosity topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all research paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

Positive Effects Of Gene Altering Essays - Molecular Biology

Positive Effects Of Gene Altering Essays - Molecular Biology Positive Effects Of Gene Altering The Positive Effects of Gene Altering Since the beginning of the human race, we have been looking. We have been looking for ways to make our lives healthier, more comfortable, and happier. In the beginning it was simple rocks, plants, and fires. As our technology advanced so did the comfort of our lives. The wheel, the cure to the plaque, and who can forget the remote control, were all tools that made it possible to improve the quality of life. What tool lies ahead in the future to promote our well being and happiness? Genetic engineering is that tool. Every living thing is made up of genes, and with the capability of altering these genes, the possibilities are endless. Everything from better quality produce to the prevention of cancer is a possibility with genetic engineering, and scientists are just now beginning to understand the complex gene patterns. If you can imagine a world free of diabetes, or male pattern baldness, and genetics has a major role. Genetic engineers might someday have the capabilities to remove th ese genes or even clone wanted genes, and in the end allowing us to live the healthy, comfortable, happier lives we seek. The numbers of positive outcomes from genetic engineering are inconceivable. Genetic engineering will lead to healthier, more comfortable, and better lives. Genetic engineering will improve every day produce and goods. For producers involved with living organisms as their products, genes play a major role in the quality of their products and amount of profit. If a farmer's cows are not as lean, or their corn is diseased, then the demand for their product is going to be less than the competition. That is where genetics comes in. It is possible, by altering certain genes, to create a leaner cow, or a disease resistant stalk of corn, and it is this fact that makes genetic engineering invaluable to the every day farmer. If their cattle is leaner, or their chickens are engineered to lay two eggs instead of one, then there is going to be a greater profit earned by the farmers, and a better quality of product. In the near future there may be bacon that is relatively fat free, or a chicken breast with twice the meat. By selecting the wanted genes and removing the unwanted, the producer can improve it product that it sells to the consumer, and th e spectrum is not just restricted to food. Softer cloths, sturdier wood, hardier trees and shrubs, and slower growing, greener grass are all possibilities. These improved products will impact everyone, and will be everywhere. The impact is hazy, but the effect is clear; they will improve not only the profit of the producer, but also the lives of the consumer. Genetic altering will be a powerful tool against disease, and disabilities. Every year millions of people die from a variety of diseases and disabilities that are passed down by genes. Cancer is one example of a disease that has been linked to genes and heredity. Many patients have a family history involving some type of cancer in the past. With the introduction of genetic engineering, there is a good chance that scientists will be able to locate genes that are prone to cancer and alter them so that the chance of getting cancer is greatly reduced. Cancer is not the only disease that this could be applied to either. Almost any disease, disorder, or disability has a future in genetic engineering. Another example is Down's syndrome, a syndrome that is passed down through generations by a mutated gene, and causes mental impairment. Imagine if someday that mutated gene could be removed from a family's future, allowing their kids to lead normal lives. There is no doubt that it would improv e the quality of life for these kids who, then, would be normal healthy children. Just the same, blindness, diabetes, dwarfism, heart valve deformities, Alzheimer's and many more conditions can be avoided or even eliminated by the use of genetic engineering. The uses of genetic altering in the medical field are exciting as well as numerous, and it will no doubt change the way we look at our health and the health of

How to Find the Perfect Tattoo Design 100+ Ideas and 17 Styles

How to Find the Perfect Tattoo Design 100+ Ideas and 17 Styles SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Considering a tattoo? Want tons of tattoo ideas and designs to choose from? This is the perfect guide for you. Body art can be an fun way to show off your personality, but you want to make sure to pick a tattoo design you really love. I'll explain the different styles of tattooing and common sources of inspiration to help you brainstorm awesome tattoo ideas. We'll cover 17 awesome styles that are popular worldwide. The tips and pictures in this post will guide you through envisioning a tattoo design that you'll be happy to display on your body for years to come. Why Get a Tattoo? Tattoos have exploded in popularity over the course of the past few years. In more and more instances, they're accepted in the workplace and in society in general as a common form of creative self-expression. Tattoos can serve as permanent reminders of something that’s meaningful to you or just decorations to spice up the blank canvas of your body. Tattoo artists have developed all kinds of different styles and techniques to create unique pieces that are personal to each client. This guide will teach you all about the different subtypes of tattoo ideas and designs. I’ve divided them into four larger categories: abstract, illustrative, realistic, and lettering. Keep in mind that these aren't rigid categories - the styles often blend together and overlap, which is what makes creating your own personalized tattoo so much fun. After you review the different tattoo designs and consider which ones appeal to you, you can brainstorm your own tattoo ideas. In the second part of the guide, I’ve included a list of various themes that may inspire you in your quest for a tattoo that perfectly compliments your personality! Tattoo Ideas: 17 Cool Styles This section contains a list of every possible tattoo style in categories that range from the completely abstract to the photorealistic. Use these styles as a jumping off point to think about which type of imagery will fit best with the content of your personalized tattoo idea. Here's a table of contents for what we'll cover: Abstract Tattoos Biomechanical and Bio-organic Blackwork and Tribal Dotwork and Pointillism Geometric Watercolor Illustrative American Traditional Japanese New School Sketch Work Surrealism Realistic Neo-Traditional Neo-Japanese Portraiture Black and Grey Horror Trash Polka Lettering Abstract Tattoos These tattoo ideas are comprised of shapes, patterns, dots, and splashes of color. While some of them may also include figurative elements, they are based in a spirit of freeform art and are usually concerned more with aesthetics than with conveying a specific meaning. Style #1: Biomechanical and Bio-Organic Biomechanical and bio-organic tattoos are designed based on the natural flow of systems in the human body. Biomechanical tattoo designs mimic the inner workings of the body through patterns that evoke some sort of half-cyborg alien creature. Bio-organic tattoos are similar to biomechanical tattoos except they feature patterns reminiscent of organic organisms rather than machines. These tattoos are often extremely intricate, creating 3-D illusions that make it appear as though your skin has been ripped open to reveal the strange being within. They're great for sci-fi nerds, people who are interested in machines and robots, or anyone who is fascinated by the functioning of the human body. Style #2: Blackwork (and Tribal Tattoos) Blackwork tattoo ideas use only black ink to render images, designs or patterns. The style uses thick and bold black lines in a variety of geometric shapes. Blackwork tattoos are popular for their elegance and versatility and often come in the form of mandalas or other elaborate patterns. Blackwork tattoo designs derived from figurative line drawings are also common because the bold contrast created by the ink leads to a simple but powerful image. Blackwork tattoo designs originally emerged out of the cultural tradition of tribal tattoos. These tattoos mainly come from the symbolism of Polynesian tribal peoples, including Maori and Samoans. You can make tribal tattoos more relevant to your identity if you find specific symbols that mean something to you to incorporate into the tattoo. Style #3: Dotwork/Pointillism This is a style of tattooing that renders images, designs and patterns entirely through the use of dots. Shading and depth is created by varying the distances between the dots. Though I've decided to put it in the abstract category, dotwork can be either abstract or realistic. Common imagery includes sacred geometry and portraiture. Like blackwork, this tattoo idea is a sophisticated and minimalist approach to tattooing. Style #4: Geometric Geometric tattoo designs are created using only lines and geometric shapes. They differ from blackwork because color is typically incorporated into the design. These types of tattoo designs can vary dramatically in their look and feel, ranging from simple designs of single shapes to sleeves of intricate interlocking forms. They can make very powerful statements in subtle ways. Style #5: Watercolor Watercolor tattoos use splashes and streaks of color to give the impression of paint on canvas or paper. They lack all outlines and imitate the aesthetics of watercolor paintings. They are sometimes combined with realism or solid outlines and typically display bright colors and natural themes. These tattoos have gained popularity recently for their traditional artistic flair and delicate beauty. Illustrative Tattoos This category includes tattoo ideas that depict recognizable objects in exaggerated or stylized forms. These styles provide an awesome means of customizing your own unique tattoo ideas. Style #1: American Traditional This style uses bold black outlines and a well-saturated color palette consisting mainly of primary colors. It was originally popularized by men in the US Navy. This is what most people picture when they imagine classic tattoos (think "Mom" in a heart on the bicep of an enormous dude). Style #2: Traditional Japanese (Irezumi) Like American traditional, the Japanese tattoo style is based on bold black outlines and minimal shading, but it typically features images inspired by traditional Japanese art and nature as well as creatures and characters from Japanese folklore. Imagery typically consists of lotus flowers, koi fish, tigers, warriors and waves. This is a sophisticated, intricate style of tattooing that can look beautiful and peaceful or totally badass (or even both at the same time!). Style #3: New School New School is an animated, exaggerated style of tattooing. Images are usually caricatures of characters doing unexpected things and are influenced by graffiti and hip-hop artistic techniques and styles. That means bright colors and amplified dimensions and features. If you love cartoons and want a really fun and unusual tattoo idea, this might be a good tattoo design style for you. Style #4: Sketch Work Sketch work tattoos imitate the rough aesthetic of an artist’s sketchbook. They usually show unfinished images or designs including partially colored in sections and unclear outlines. If you’re really into comic books and the sketchy style of that world, you could get a tattoo that adopts the same style. Style #5: Surrealism This style consists of imaginary images, mashed up styles, and fantastical creations. If you’re familiar with surrealist artists (Salvador Dali being the most famous) you can see how this style has evolved as a byproduct of their work. Surrealism is different from New School because it’s rarely cartoonish. It’s just strange combinations of objects or portraits that may be rendered in a realistic style but are combined in nonsensical ways. If you want a tattoo design that’s unnerving but not outright horrific you might look at surreal tattoos for inspiration. Realistic Tattoos Realism is a tattoo design style that recreates images as they would appear in life. It lacks the bold outlines found in more traditional forms of tattooing and instead uses shading and color contrasts to render the image. Some of the types of tattoos mentioned above may incorporate realistic elements, but the styles in this section are the ones that are most prone to using realism. Style #1: Neo-Traditional This is a modern twist on American traditional tattooing in which more realistic depth, shading, color and detail are added to traditional conventions. They present similar subject matter to traditional tattoos but with an updated stylistic flair. If you like American traditional tattoos but want to sport something that’s a bit more unique and up-to-date, you should investigate this style. Style #2: Neo-Japanese This is the same as neo-traditional tattooing except it’s an update to traditional Japanese tattoos. Again, more realistic depth, shading, color, and detail are added to traditional Japanese style conventions. Similarly, if you like traditional Japanese tattoos but want a little more realism to make the images really pop, you should look into this style. Style #3: Portraiture In portraiture, a portrait of someone is recreated as a tattoo. Realistic portraits can be created either in color or black and grey. They’re often made by using a stencil over a pre-existing photograph or image in order to get an exact likeness. Portraiture is used to memorialize people or depict iconic celebrities or personal heroes. Tattoo portraits are really tough to do well, so you should conduct quite a bit of research before settling on an artist that you trust. Style #4: Black and Grey Black and grey tattooing only uses black ink and water. Tattooists water down the black ink to make it softer and more grey so they can create shades, hues and color contrasts. Some artists also use actual grey ink and white ink for highlights. Black and grey tattoos can be very evocative and creepy, so if you’re going with a more serious theme this is a good style tattoo idea. Style #5: Horror These are tattoos dealing with dark or morbid subject matter. Subjects include portraits of characters from horror films, freehanded monsters, and many other forms of creepy imagery. Typically, black and grey horror is done on a large scale as a full sleeve (like in the image below) or back piece. If you’re a big horror fan and want to make yourself look kinda scary, check out these cool tattoo ideas. Style #6: Trash Polka Trash polka tattoos feature black and red color schemes characterized by collage-like images featuring moments of realism, lettering, and abstract or geometric shapes. They include painterly elements like smears and smudges as well as surreal and realistic images to create a chaotic look. These tattoos are more about the overall look than the deeper meaning- they are often pure decorative pieces from the mind of the tattoo artist. This is a divisive new style, but some people really love it because it makes such a bold statement. Lettering or Script Tattoos Lettering ranges from simple tattoos of letters and words in standard fonts to highly stylized custom pieces. You can do many, many different things with script depending on how long the message is. Some lettering tattoos are so elaborate that the words become art pieces that only read as letters when you look more closely. Others are just plain printing without any extra flair. It all depends on your personal style! Brainstorming: What Are You Looking for in a Tattoo? A tattoo idea doesn’t have to have deep metaphorical significance, but you should definitely make sure it’s something you're thrilled to display on your body indefinitely. Plenty of people get tattoos just because they look cool, and there’s nothing wrong with that! Think about exactly why you want a tattoo and what you hope to get out of it. Here’s a list of some themes and aesthetic qualities that you might consider incorporating into your tattoo design depending on what you want it to mean to you: Depiction of a Hobby or Passion Symbols of the activities you love can make great tattoos because these passions are unlikely to change too much throughout your life. For example, if you really enjoy kayaking, you could get a tattoo of a paddle. If you love knitting, you could get a tattoo of a yarn ball (and eventually be a super cool grandma). Reminder of a Fun Experience Tattoos can be a way to preserve memories of great times in your life. For example, if you and your friends went on an awesome hiking and camping trip, you could get a tattoo of the outline of the mountain range. If you went to Paris, you could get a little croissant tattoo (or a tattoo of a creepy mime if you’re weird like me). The tattoo idea could also be a reference to an experience from your childhood that you’ve treasured over the years. Your Favorite [Fill in the Blank] Favorite things make fun tattoos that can have all kinds of different connotations. Think about your favorite animal, food, flower, place, fictional character, book, movie, team, or game. Branch out from there to come up with a way of depicting your favorite thing in tattoo form. You can even decide to combine several favorite things into one tattoo design. If your favorite animal is a wolf, your favorite food is steak, and your favorite basketball team is the Miami Heat, you could get a tattoo of a wolf eating steak and wearing a Miami Heat hat. The more unique the better! Honoring a Child, Friend, or Relative Some people get tattoos as tributes to others who have made strong impacts on their lives. These tattoos often consist of portraits, significant dates (birth or death), or that person’s favorite animal or some other icon associated with them. A tattoo can help in the grieving process for a loved one, or it can celebrate new life. Showing Pride in Your Identity or Struggles You’ve Overcome Many people get tattoos to commemorate personal breakthroughs or turning points in their lives. This might mean a symbol of recovery from addiction or mental health problems or a marker of another positive achievement in your life like graduating from college or embracing your sexuality. This theme ties into tattoo designs that are about identity. These could include religious iconography, the flag of your home country or a symbol of the state in which you were born, a symbol of your ancestral heritage, the symbol of a group you belong to or support, or an astrological sign. A Significant Phrase or Quote Is there a quote that you feel sums up your life philosophy (or your goals for your life philosophy)? Many people get lettering tattoos of quotes or meaningful sayings to remind them of what they stand for and how they hope to approach challenges in their lives. These quotes or sayings might be verses from religious texts, a quote from a favorite author or thinker, an adage, or a song lyric. Pure Aesthetics Maybe your more interested in a tattoo that just looks a certain way? There are a lot of different aesthetics for tattoo designs - you can choose whichever appeals to you. Something Beautiful or Cute If you just want your tattoo to look pretty, you have many options. Choosing an image from nature is usually a safe bet if you want the tattoo to have staying power. You might consider koi fish, birds, roses or other flowers, trees, a moon or sun, a dreamcatcher, a butterfly, a wave, or anything else you can think of that looks cute. When you’re judging tattoo ideas based on aesthetics it’s a good idea to search extensively for inspiration so you can get an idea of what different images look like in certain places on the body. Something Funny or Goofy Maybe you’re looking for tattoo ideas that take themselves a little less seriously. Cartoonish monsters, animals wearing clothing, or other surreal tattoos that are more amusing than creepy are all fun options. Just make sure you're confident that it will still be funny a few years from now! Jokes usually have expiration dates, but tattoos definitely don't. Something Badass, Scary, or Just Plain Awesome Want to terrify people and/or leave them completely awestruck? Tattoo artists can create crazy horror scenes that incorporate many different elements (or subtler small but scary tattoos if you’re less of a showman). Some elements you might consider weaving into these types of tattoos are skulls and skeletons, weapons, vicious animals, zombies, the grim reaper and other symbols of death (gravestones, etc), clocks, pentagrams, your favorite horror characters, haunted houses, eyeballs, insects and other creepy crawlies, demons and gargoyles, dragons, and more! Abstract Designs Designs make great tattoos even if they’re just random creations from the mind of the artist. If you want this type of tattoo, think about whether you would like it to be black and white or in color. If it’s in color, which colors do you want to include? Do you want a design that evokes organic flow and movement or a more rigid geometric or mechanical design? Do you just want the design, or would you like to incorporate figurative elements into the tattoo as well? Even very simple abstract tattoos can be extremely cool, like this one: Practical Concerns for Tattoo Ideas Style and content aren't the only things you should take into account if you're considering getting a tattoo. Ensuring that the procedure is within your budget and the tattoo has staying power are factors that are less fun to think about but are just as crucial if you want to avoid buyer's remorse in an industry where there are no easy returns. Pricing The cost of a tattoo can vary depending on the artist, the tattoo's location, the number of colors that are used, and the size. Some tattoo artists charge more than others because they can afford to do so based on their reputations. Usually, tattoo artists in big cities charge more than those who are less centrally located. Established tattoo artists typically charge at least $150 an hour for their work, and in most cases you will have to pay the fee for one hour regardless of whether it takes the artist the full 60 minutes to complete your design. Even if you go to a beginner tattoo artist, you'll probably spend at least $80 on your tattoo. The more colorful the tattoo design, the more expensive it will be. Incorporating lots of colors means more time, and most tattoo artists charge by the hour in case a project takes longer than anticipated. If you want a cheaper tattoo, you should go with blackwork. Tattoos that are done on sensitive areas of the body are also more expensive because the tattoo artist has to be more careful. Sensitive areas include your hands, feet, neck, sternum, and genitals. Perhaps the biggest factor that will impact the cost of the tattoo is its size and level of detail. A full back tattoo with a ton of detail will obviously take way more time than a tattoo of a couple of triangles on your arm.' Longevity There's a reason why some tattoos last longer than others. Darker colors are less likely to fade over time while very vibrant and very pale colors will fade more quickly (like in the picture below). In general, warm colors fade faster than cool colors. However, any tattoo can fade if you don't take good care of it. Listening to the tattoo artist and providing the correct aftercare for your tattoo is extremely important if you want the colors to pop for a long time. If you're a fan of tanning, you should also know that tattoos fade more quickly with exposure to the sun. The location of the tattoo also plays a part in how well it ages - tattoos on the legs, upper arms, and chest are most likely to get warped with age because these are the areas of your body that change the most over time. Tattoos on your fingers can also fade because we use our hands so frequently and the skin is closer to the bone, so if you're planning to get a cute little hipster triangle on your finger, you should keep this in mind. Size can also play a part in a tattoo's longevity. A common mistake that people make with their first tattoo is that they get it too small. If a tattoo is really small, especially if it involves lettering, it can all start to mush together over time and look like nothing. Don't shy away from making your tattoo a little bigger and bolder so that it won't become a random splotch years down the road. Deciding on a Tattoo Design Hopefully this article gave you some inspiration for the design of what is sure to be your latest and greatest tattoo! If you've come up with a tattoo idea you love, you can start searching for tattoo artists in your area and ask for a consultation to see if they have any suggestions for improving your design. If you're not ready to take that step quite yet, you can experiment with temporary tattoos to see how you feel about your design and how it looks on your body without making a long-term commitment. Some people think about a tattoo idea for years before actually going through with it. It's always smart to put a lot of thought into the process so that you end up with a tattoo that's meaningful to you (and also makes your friends incredibly jealous).

Preserve the luxury or extend the brand Case Study

Preserve the luxury or extend the brand - Case Study Example ?s fellow grand cru classà © owners complained about the nà ©gociants’ margins whom Gaspard accepted because they have a ready buyer even in their bad years. What Gaspard missed is that their brand had been classified by de Vallois had in 1855 as a Premier Grand Cru Classà © (First Growth) making their brand already saleable at a commanding price even without a nà ©gociant who would readily buy it. Sticking to their two brands, this may not be enough to secure the chateau in the long run because new wine makers with cheaper wine are already coming in the market. These new competitors’ offer an alternative to their products that could shrink their market share and pose a real threat to Gaspard’s business. Gaspard must adapt to the new realities in the wine industry. Extending the brand has many advantages. First, Gaspard can widen their market share to include the younger market who could not afford their high end wines. This market is already a captured market and there is a greater probability that they would come to them when they are ready to purchase high end wines. Second, Gaspard has the advantage of being classified by de Vallois had in 1855 as a Premier Grand Cru Classà © which they could use in marketing their branded wines. Claire was right, they could either buy grapes or land and mention that its either ‘Bordeaux origin’ or that the de Vallois team is in charge of making it in case they would buy cheaper lands abroad to grow grapes. This option will not harm the brand of Gaspard’s premiere wine because they will not be mixed up. In fact, the de Vallois brand can complement the upcoming branded wine by suggesting quality and class by association. In addition, these branded wines can easily adapt to the changing tastes of the younger market and make the most profit by catering to what they want. When this younger market can already afford the high end wines, they can also graduate to the Vallois team’s high end wine. True there is

Bone Marrow Transplant & Donation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bone Marrow Transplant & Donation - Essay Example ICU stay would usually be hectic with frequent monitoring, institution of mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy and continuous infusions. The conditions for doing bone marrow transplantations, selecting the donor if doing allogeneic transplants, the actual surgery, the prevention of immune suppression after the surgery and ensuring the survival of the patient have heightened the risk of the ominous event that is bone transplantation. This paper is exploring the biological features including the anatomy and physiology of bone transplantation investigated in the various researches. Initially the normal anatomy and physiology have been described so that the reader gets a better picture of what is intended by this research. Normal anatomy and physiology of bone marrow The soft tissue that lies in the spaces between the bone trabeculae of flat bones is bone marrow. Blood vessels, nervous tissue, phagocytes, stem cells and blood cells at different stages of maturation are found in the bone marrow (Elgazzar, 2004). The red marrow has hemopoietic cells which are active while the yellow marrow is mainly fat and hemopoietically inactive. The bone marrow is essential to the human life as it provides all the blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells and the platelets. The manufacture of the blood cells depends on the needs of the body. Active bone marrow is found mostly in the flat bones of the vertebrae (28%), pelvis (34%), the cranium together with the mandible (13%), the ribs and the sternum, (10%) and the proximal ends of the femur and humerus (4%-8%) (Elgazzar, 2004). The manufacture of blood cells is termed hemopoiesis. It begins in the human body at the fourth month of the intra-uterine life of the fetus. Within two months it functions more than the liver in the hematopoietic action. By birth, the red bone marrow becomes fully responsible for the blood cell formation. The cartilaginous epiphyses which did not have the red bone marrow at birth soon had it in the first few months of life (Elgazzar, 2004). The adult bone has active red marrow in the various bones different proportions. The usual conversion of red marrow is to the yellow marrow. However in certain pathological conditions, the reverse process occurs. Alterations to the distribution of the red marrow could change in conditions which are traumatic to the human body like surgeries, trauma or infections or malignancy (Elgazzar, 2004). Immune response Lymphocytes were the natural killer (NK) cells which were significant role players in the immune responses, both innate and adaptive (Olson et al, 2009). Lymphocytes provided the response to virus attacks, microbes and some tumors. The NK cells were white blood cells produced in the bone marrow and then moved to the region of the spleen, liver, lung, blood and lymph nodes where they resided (Olson et al, 2009). The period of maturity from a bone cell precursor to maturity came to 28 days. When an attack from viruses or mi crobes or tumors occurred, signals reached the NK cells which then migrated to the sites of attack through the expression of inflammatory chemokine receptors by virtue of their homing behavior (Olson et al, 2009). At the key sites, the NK cells entered the lymphoid tissue in the lymph nodes and non-lymphoid tissue in

Native Americans Essay Example for Free

Native Americans Essay Native Americans were the first people living in the United States until Europeans arrived, sought to colonize and take over. During this time, Native Americans were subjugated to warfare, new government and losing their lands. Forced to submit to White settlers, many Native Americans have had to choose between assimilating into a White culture or preserving their heritage and ancestry. This essay will discuss public policy regarding Native Americans and provide some examples pertaining to ethnocentrism and cultural relativity. Public Policy and Ethnocentrism From early on, Native American culture has been on a collision with White society. During the colonial period, the government did not want to have any issues with settlers and Native Americans. Schaefer mentions that Whites were to take precedence regardless of the needs or interference by tribes (150). The secretary of war was put in charge of the Native Americans with regard to any Federal communications. Later in 1824 the Bureau of Indian Affairs was created as an intermediary between the Native Americans and the government (Schaefer 150). As White settlers started to move west, they had felt that Native Americans were blocking their progress. This led to the Indian Removal Act that was passed in 1824 which forced several tribes to leave their ancestral lands. Schaefer also mentions, â€Å"the federal government enacted legislation that affected them with minimal consultation† (151). The government’s goal was to weaken tribal institutions so that Native Americans would assimilate. The government still tried to make Native Americans become more like White homesteaders. In 1887 the government passed the Allotment Act which would turn tribal members into land owners. While each family was given 160 acres, there were some stipulations. Schaefer mentions that â€Å"the act prohibited Native Americans from selling the land for 25 years† (153). The other issue was with the Native Americans not knowing how to farm or utilize the land. They also did not receive assistance or training from the  government and as a result, did not do well with homesteading. Since the land could not be legally sold, the Bureau of Indian Affairs ended up leasing the land to White landowners (Schaefer 153). During this time, it was believed that Native Americans should put aside tribal identities and assimilate into White culture. As time progressed, the Indian Reorganization Act which was also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act was passed in 1934 (Schaefer 153). This act was supposed to recognize tribal identity but still pushed for assimilation. Tribes would be allowed to create a constitution and elect leaders within reservations. The Reorganization Act did allow Native Americans to have more control over actions taken on their behalf. Schaefer mentions that this act had tried to unite government agencies with tribal dealings by immersing Native Americans in procedures common to White society (153). However, the act still allowed for non-Native Americans to control issues regarding reservations. Schaefer states that, â€Å"The Reorganization Act sought to assimilate Native Americans into the dominant society on the dominant group’s terms† (153). Moving Towards Cultural Relativity After years of the United States government trying to force Native Americans to Assimilate, they have started to realize that their efforts were not facilitating pluralism. Schaefer mentions the Termination Act of 1953 â€Å"which was considered a controversial government policy towards Native Americans† (156). This act cancelled federal services such as medical care, schools, and road equipment that took effect immediately. There was no coordination between tribes or government agencies which affected the tribes in a disastrous manner. They were not able to perform some basic services such as road repair or fire protection without the government. While this policy was supposed to give Native Americans the ability to self-govern it was viewed as a way to reduce services and save money. With life on an Indian reservation being economically depressed, the government decided to try to lure Native Americans away from the reservations. In 1952 the Bureau of Indian Affairs had started programs to  relocate Native Americans to urban areas. In 1962 one of the programs was called the Employment Assistance Program. Schaefer states, â€Å"the purpose was to relocate individuals or families at the government’s expense to urban areas where the job opportunities were† (157). This program was not successful as many Native Americans returned back to their reservations. Schaefer also mentions that this program had some unintended consequences where the Native Americans who left were better educated and created a brain-drain (157). This also caused many of them to understand the predicament that they were faced with in both the city and federal reservations. Through all that they have been through, Native Americans have managed to work collectively through Pan-Indianism intertribal social movements. It has caused them to unite within a common identity because of political goals. In 1944 The National Congress of American Indians was formed in Denver, Colorado and registered itself as a lobby in Washington, D.C. (Schaefer 157). Their goal was to raise issues with regard to the Native American perspective as it operated similar to the NAACP. This group was able to create the Indian Claims Commission and force the Bureau of Indian Affairs to stop the practice of termination. In 1968 the American Indian Movement was created to monitor police actions and document charges of police brutality (Schaefer 157). Schaefer states that â€Å"sovereignty which refers to tribal self-rule is supported by every U.S. president since the 1960’s† (160). This is a very complex legal relationship since there are numerous legal cases where the Supreme Court has to rule which tribes may rule themselves and where they might be subject to state and federal laws. Tribal members pay federal income, social security, unemployment and property taxes but do not pay state income tax if they live and work on reservations (Schaefer 160). Sovereignty links the actions of the federal government with individual American Indians. Schaefer argues that the government acts as a gatekeeper in determining which tribes are recognized (161). In 1978 the Department of the Interior established the â€Å"acknowledgement process† to decide if more tribes could qualify for a government to government relationship. Conclusion With all that the Native Americans have been through over the years it would seem that many of the early policies were not effective because they did not produce the desired results of forced and immediate assimilation. The only thing that the government was able to do was drive these people off their lands, relocate them and create a sense of distrust. I do feel that the Employment Assistance program did contribute to having some Native Americans move out of their comfort zone and seek out other opportunities. It did cause many Native Americans to take collective action and form groups to lobby for their rights. With regard to sovereignty, it seems that Native Americans are trying to assimilate themselves by working with the government to gain recognition and reap the economic benefits. Today it seems that Native Americans are slowly assimilating into White society because of their involvement in protests, lobbying, politics and business. While Native Americans might not have achieved complete pluralism, they are still trying to adapt to contemporary society. References Schaefer, R. (2012). Native Americans: The First Americans (13th ed), Chapter 6 (pp. 147-171). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.

stock market crash :: essays research papers

Sexual discrimination has been around for many years and is present in many circumstances, however, that does not justify the unethical and immoral views against lesbians or gays There is info in the play â€Å"the children’s hour† that proves lesbianism was looked down upon for the wrong reasons. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They lost their jobs – all of the parent’s of the children attending the school checked their kids out. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People would stare at them – Even Martha went to check the mail people driving by would stare. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loved ones left them – Karen’s future husband left her d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lost any reason to live because no one loved them – they only had each other as friends. e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  e. All of this shows the immorality people have towards someone’s sexual background and this needs to be stopped f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  II. There are also obvious examples of how society today is filled with unfair judgment towards lesbians and gays today. g.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While people in the novel lose their jobs, people lose their jobs today as well because of their sexuality. h.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People still stare at these people and often mock them i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This shows immorality and intolerance towards lesbians and needs to be stopped before the problem gets worse. j.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Call to action: Because of the evidence I have provided, it is very clear that something should be done. k.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. I feel that a very logical solution would be to have unions create stronger enforcement against discrimination towards people concerning their sexual background by not allowing this personal information given out to their employers. If this is done, then less people will lose their jobs because of an issue they cannot control. l.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Another logical solution would be to look at ourselves and see if we are hurting any of these people either directly or indirectly.

National Honor Society

Chapter 33: The Cold War and Decolonization, 1945-1975 1. Introduction a. The end of the 2nd world war exposed a world of mutual antagonism rather than one of mutual cooperation b. The business of nation building c. Cold War technology and environmental impact 2. The Cold War a. The United Nations i. The formation of the United Nations and its basic structure ii. Beliefs and efficacy of the United Nations iii. Early resolutions carried great weight, but later the Western powers came to disregard many of the issues raised by the General Assembly b.Capitalism and Communism i. New monetary systems were developed in the West and the Soviet Union ii. Recovery from the second World War in the East iii. Europeans launched a program of cooperation iv. The Soviet approach c. West versus East in Europe and Korea i. The spread of communism and Western reaction ii. NATO and Soviet competition over Europe iii. NATO and Soviet competition over Korea d. U. S. defeat in Vietnam i. Eisenhower said no to war in Vietnam, but Kennedy said yes ii. Johnson continued the war ii. U. S. got out in 1973 and U. S. attitudes toward the war e. The race for nuclear supremacy i. Atomic weapons ushered in a new era of warfare and diplomacy ii. The Cuban Missile Crisis iii. More efficient bombs and delivery systems iv. Arms limitations v. Things calmed down in Europe vi. The space race vii. Restraint 3. Decolonization and Nation Building a. New nations in South and Southeast Asia i. India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh ii. The Japanese role in South Asia and Southeast Asia iii. Sukarno iv. Myanmar, Singapore and the Philippines . Vietnam b. The struggle for independence in Africa i. Algeria ii. Institutions and factors that made good colonies poor independent countries iii. Kwame Nkrumah iv. Jomo Kenyatta v. French Africa and de Gaulle’s promises vi. The heart versus reason vii. The Southern Temperate Zone viii. South Africa c. The quest for economic freedom in Latin America i. U. S. and Eur ope dominated Latin America economies ii. Mexico and Guatemala iii. U. S. domination in Cuba iv. 1959 popular rebellion v. The Castro government d. Challenges of Nation Building i.New nations join the United Nations ii. How to organize government? iii. How to educate the populous? 4. Beyond a bipolar world a. The Third World i. Definition of the terms ‘non-aligned’ and ‘third world’ ii. Many of these countries wanted money from the superpowers iii. A balancing act b. Japan and China i. Japan made amends for the war and rebuilt their industries ii. China very involved in Cold War politics iii. The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution iv. Normalizing United States-China relations c. The Middle East . Arab politics in the 1950s ii. British policy on Palestine iii. The United Nations partitions Palestine into two states iv. Conflict and refugees v. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) vi. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and more conflict d. The emergence of environmental concerns i. The beginnings of environmental awareness ii. High gas prices increased awareness of the scarcity of natural resources 5. Conclusion a. The ‘postwar’ era b. U. S. and U. S. S. R. c. The end of the postwar era National Honor Society Chapter 33: The Cold War and Decolonization, 1945-1975 1. Introduction a. The end of the 2nd world war exposed a world of mutual antagonism rather than one of mutual cooperation b. The business of nation building c. Cold War technology and environmental impact 2. The Cold War a. The United Nations i. The formation of the United Nations and its basic structure ii. Beliefs and efficacy of the United Nations iii. Early resolutions carried great weight, but later the Western powers came to disregard many of the issues raised by the General Assembly b.Capitalism and Communism i. New monetary systems were developed in the West and the Soviet Union ii. Recovery from the second World War in the East iii. Europeans launched a program of cooperation iv. The Soviet approach c. West versus East in Europe and Korea i. The spread of communism and Western reaction ii. NATO and Soviet competition over Europe iii. NATO and Soviet competition over Korea d. U. S. defeat in Vietnam i. Eisenhower said no to war in Vietnam, but Kennedy said yes ii. Johnson continued the war ii. U. S. got out in 1973 and U. S. attitudes toward the war e. The race for nuclear supremacy i. Atomic weapons ushered in a new era of warfare and diplomacy ii. The Cuban Missile Crisis iii. More efficient bombs and delivery systems iv. Arms limitations v. Things calmed down in Europe vi. The space race vii. Restraint 3. Decolonization and Nation Building a. New nations in South and Southeast Asia i. India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh ii. The Japanese role in South Asia and Southeast Asia iii. Sukarno iv. Myanmar, Singapore and the Philippines . Vietnam b. The struggle for independence in Africa i. Algeria ii. Institutions and factors that made good colonies poor independent countries iii. Kwame Nkrumah iv. Jomo Kenyatta v. French Africa and de Gaulle’s promises vi. The heart versus reason vii. The Southern Temperate Zone viii. South Africa c. The quest for economic freedom in Latin America i. U. S. and Eur ope dominated Latin America economies ii. Mexico and Guatemala iii. U. S. domination in Cuba iv. 1959 popular rebellion v. The Castro government d. Challenges of Nation Building i.New nations join the United Nations ii. How to organize government? iii. How to educate the populous? 4. Beyond a bipolar world a. The Third World i. Definition of the terms ‘non-aligned’ and ‘third world’ ii. Many of these countries wanted money from the superpowers iii. A balancing act b. Japan and China i. Japan made amends for the war and rebuilt their industries ii. China very involved in Cold War politics iii. The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution iv. Normalizing United States-China relations c. The Middle East . Arab politics in the 1950s ii. British policy on Palestine iii. The United Nations partitions Palestine into two states iv. Conflict and refugees v. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) vi. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and more conflict d. The emergence of environmental concerns i. The beginnings of environmental awareness ii. High gas prices increased awareness of the scarcity of natural resources 5. Conclusion a. The ‘postwar’ era b. U. S. and U. S. S. R. c. The end of the postwar era ï » ¿National Honor Society First of all, it is a great honor to even be nominated for NHS. When I got the letter saying I was nominated, I felt a little relieved. I felt relieve because this is it. This is why I’ve worked so hard in school; this is why I spend countless hours doing homework. I realized that all of my hard work is finally paying off. I could help the NHS by dedicating my own time to participate in fundraisers, encouraging other students to do their best on their schoolwork, and try their best in everything that they do.There were times when my schoolwork got very hard. With playing soccer, taking care of my family, and balancing school together, it would’ve been easy to just give up, but being the diligent student that I am, I stuck it out. I tried my best, and even if the grade on those papers weren’t the best, I did my best on the following papers to make up for it. Hard work does pay off. I get extremely connected to the things I’m a part of. For example, when I p lay soccer, I forget about everything that happened during school or the day before and I just focus on the game.This has always been one of the achievements I hoped to accomplish during my High School academic career. Whenever I heard about scholarships for college, National Honor Society was always in the mix. With my future goals focused on becoming a doctor, dedication to my education is must. Being able to apply to college as a member of the National Honor Society would tell the Admissions Board that I am serious about my schoolwork. I look forward to not only have NHS help me, but also be an active member of the organization itself. National Honor Society Chapter 33: The Cold War and Decolonization, 1945-1975 1. Introduction a. The end of the 2nd world war exposed a world of mutual antagonism rather than one of mutual cooperation b. The business of nation building c. Cold War technology and environmental impact 2. The Cold War a. The United Nations i. The formation of the United Nations and its basic structure ii. Beliefs and efficacy of the United Nations iii. Early resolutions carried great weight, but later the Western powers came to disregard many of the issues raised by the General Assembly b.Capitalism and Communism i. New monetary systems were developed in the West and the Soviet Union ii. Recovery from the second World War in the East iii. Europeans launched a program of cooperation iv. The Soviet approach c. West versus East in Europe and Korea i. The spread of communism and Western reaction ii. NATO and Soviet competition over Europe iii. NATO and Soviet competition over Korea d. U. S. defeat in Vietnam i. Eisenhower said no to war in Vietnam, but Kennedy said yes ii. Johnson continued the war ii. U. S. got out in 1973 and U. S. attitudes toward the war e. The race for nuclear supremacy i. Atomic weapons ushered in a new era of warfare and diplomacy ii. The Cuban Missile Crisis iii. More efficient bombs and delivery systems iv. Arms limitations v. Things calmed down in Europe vi. The space race vii. Restraint 3. Decolonization and Nation Building a. New nations in South and Southeast Asia i. India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh ii. The Japanese role in South Asia and Southeast Asia iii. Sukarno iv. Myanmar, Singapore and the Philippines . Vietnam b. The struggle for independence in Africa i. Algeria ii. Institutions and factors that made good colonies poor independent countries iii. Kwame Nkrumah iv. Jomo Kenyatta v. French Africa and de Gaulle’s promises vi. The heart versus reason vii. The Southern Temperate Zone viii. South Africa c. The quest for economic freedom in Latin America i. U. S. and Eur ope dominated Latin America economies ii. Mexico and Guatemala iii. U. S. domination in Cuba iv. 1959 popular rebellion v. The Castro government d. Challenges of Nation Building i.New nations join the United Nations ii. How to organize government? iii. How to educate the populous? 4. Beyond a bipolar world a. The Third World i. Definition of the terms ‘non-aligned’ and ‘third world’ ii. Many of these countries wanted money from the superpowers iii. A balancing act b. Japan and China i. Japan made amends for the war and rebuilt their industries ii. China very involved in Cold War politics iii. The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution iv. Normalizing United States-China relations c. The Middle East . Arab politics in the 1950s ii. British policy on Palestine iii. The United Nations partitions Palestine into two states iv. Conflict and refugees v. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) vi. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and more conflict d. The emergence of environmental concerns i. The beginnings of environmental awareness ii. High gas prices increased awareness of the scarcity of natural resources 5. Conclusion a. The ‘postwar’ era b. U. S. and U. S. S. R. c. The end of the postwar era

Leadership Management and Administration in Early Childhood Education Essay

Part 1 Operating a childcare centre can be a very challenging and rewarding career. Success in this field requires dedication, love and patience. There are a few types of childcare programmes catering to parents who have to leave their children at school and go to work. There is full-day programme, half-day programme and flexi-care programme. For those who do not want their children to be in a school environment for long hours, they have kindergartens and enrichment programmes. The demand for childcare services steadily increases as more and more women enter the workforce, giving up their roles of full-time mothers and house makers. Planning and operating a childcare programme consumes much time and energy thus, it is important that motivations, skills, experience and personality are thoroughly assessed. Early childhood care and education services are under the control of two Ministries in Singapore; Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports (MCYS) and the Ministry of Education (MOE). MCYS targets the childcare sector, which consists of children from two months to six years whereas MOE concentrates on children aged four to six in a kindergarten setting. Quality has become a priority issue for all concerned with early childhood care and education services. Starting from the premise that quality is a relative and dynamic concept based on values and beliefs. Providing quality education for children ensures that the learning journey and relationships in the early years of their lives have meaningful effects to their future achievements. (â€Å"Singapore pre-school accreditation,† 2010) Role of a Supervisor According to SPARK, â€Å"Leaders set the direction and tone for the preschool. † Leaders are a very important aspect in any organisation. Leaders must understand and play important roles; they must use evidence from research to make decisions; and they must work collaboratively. A good leader must have a strong philosophy which will enable her to deliver well. Having a good philosophy enables the leader to plan meaningful goals and objectives for the centre. Supervisors can play a pivotal role in â€Å"reinforcing philosophy in school settings and helping teachers integrate the theoretical frameworks with classroom realities. † (Grossman, 1990, p. 133) Having a good bond with the teachers will ensure that the supervisor has found a good team to work with and should constantly keep renewing the bond with her teachers. This can be done by looking into the teachers’ welfare and giving them benefits from time to time to motivate and encourage the teachers to work consistently. At the same time, the supervisor must set a good example to her team of teachers by practising what she preaches. A good supervisor should also encourage her staff to further their education and when they do, not hesitate to promote them and give them bigger responsibilities. The supervisor should evaluate the quality of the learning environment and the centre as a whole. Catering to Children’s Needs It is well documented that racial and ethnic identity, and developing concepts about racial and ethnic diversity are development tasks that begin in early childhood. According to NAEYC(2005), diversity in children, families and colleagues should be respected. Multiracial and multiethnic children not only have identity needs but they are also having difficulties adjusting to our early childhood and school programmes because their unique needs are not being met. For successful implementation of a programme, the supervisor has to look into the diverse backgrounds of the children. According to DAP (2009), â€Å"Development and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contexts†. The supervisor has to understand that children’s development requires viewing each child within the sociocultural context of the child’s family, educational setting, community and the society. The contexts are interrelated thus, they all strongly influence how the child develops. Celebrating different festivals together as a centre and talking about different cultural backgrounds during lessons are a good way to include children from various cultural backgrounds. While implementing a programme, the supervisor might come across children from dysfunctional families. Providing the proper financial assistance to these families is very important. Centre-based Financial Assistance for Childcare (CFAC) can be arranged for children who come from dysfunctional families. This scheme helps eligible families to offset childcare fees of their children every month. The government also gives childcare subsidies to working parents who enrol their children in childcare centres. (MCYS) Parents of children from dysfunctional families might find these two schemes helpful in providing their children with proper early childhood education. This should be taken care of so that every child has an equal opportunity to education and care regardless of their cultural and financial backgrounds. 656 words Part 2 In order for the quality of child care to improve and for childcare services to become more readily available, the administration of childcare programmes must become professional, effective and efficient. The effective preparation of childcare supervisors directly impacts the programme quality and enhances the ability to meet the various challenges facing the field of early childhood education. (Caulfield, 1997) a) Effective Supervision A good supervisor should be prepared not only with a background in early childhood education and teaching but with a working knowledge of management, principles and procedures, marketing and evaluation techniques, public relations, staff training and development, family counselling, community services and public policy. (Catron, & Groves, 1999) The supervisor’s role is more than observing teachers conducting lessons. There are many similarities between good teaching and good leading. A good supervisor does not only develop a programme and worry about enrolments. The supervisor must look into the safety aspects in the childcare centre. Meeting all safety requirements before starting the programme is very essential. This ensures that children’s needs are taken into consideration and taken care of. Planning a proper timetable is very important in developing a programme. It allows the whole programme to run systematically and also for smooth transitions in between lessons. Resources and materials should also be distributed evenly among the teachers to avoid lack of resources during planned lessons. The supervisor should also keep track of the resources and materials and replenish them regularly. b) Regulations and Policies In order to set up a childcare programme, license should first be acquired from MCYS. The child care centre has to comply with the standards set out in the Regulations of MCYS. All the pre-requisites stated in setting up a childcare centre should be taken into consideration in order to provide quality care and education. (MCYS, 2011) The type of programme that I am looking into implementing is a full day childcare programme. The centre will be catering to children from two years to six years old. It will be operating five and half days a week. The programme will be conducted from seven o’ clock in the morning to seven o’ clock in the evening. This is to cater to parents who have to leave their children and go to work very early in the morning and for parents who end work late in the evening. On Saturdays, the centre will operate from seven o’ clock in the morning to two o’ clock in the afternoon. This caters to some parents who have to go back to work on weekends. The childcare centre will be open throughout the year except on Sundays and gazetted public holidays. Half-days will be observed on the eve of Christmas, New Year and Chinese New Year. In addition, the centre will be closed for another five and a half days in a year, following the MCYS policies. These regulations and policies of the centre strictly follow the MCYS Childcare Policies as MCYS firmly believes that children should not be cared for in the childcare centre for more than 24 hours continuously. c) Operational Issues How you structure your programme for your centre is another very important aspect to consider. The programme will be the key to your professional success and pleasure. Having a proper Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) will ensure that your programme runs smoothly and effectively. SPARK (2010) will be a good guide to get started with. Spark (2010) focuses on seven criterions. Leadership, Planning and Administration, Staff Management, Resources, Curriculum, Pedagogy and Health, Hygiene and Safety. Reflections should be done on the programme regularly to ensure that children are being delivered with nothing but quality excellence. Opening/Closing Time The opening and closing hours of a childcare centre is a very important period. The supervisor must ensure there is enough staff to open the centre and close the centre. There should be at least one first-aid trained, qualified teacher to open the centre and it is required for the teacher to arrive at least fifteen minutes earlier to do the opening duties and to receive children. The teacher, however, has to remember that parents are only allowed to send their children in at seven o’clock onwards. There should be two teachers doing closing daily. Out of the two teachers, at least one teacher should be first-aid trained. Should the opening/closing teachers be on leave, they are required to find a replacement for their shifts before they go on leave. Should they be on medical leave, they should inform the centre either the day before or by seven-thirty in the morning so that replacements can be found. Staff-Child Ratio Staff-child ratio must be observed at all times as according to MCYS Regulations. (Refer to Appendix 1, pg 10, Table 1) Teachers’ Qualifications Teachers hired in the centre should be trained in Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education- Teaching (DECCE-T). According to MCYS policy, the programme staff should be certified by MCYS/MOE. Teachers should also have at least two years of teaching experience in a childcare setting, hold a valid first aid certificate recognised by MCYS and certified by MCYS/MOE as a Level 2 Teacher. d) Administrative Procedures School fees are a major part of a programme. All school fees have to be paid via GIRO. Deductions will be made every 5th of each month for fees payable that month. Parents are to ensure that there are sufficient funds in the bank account for deduction on the due date otherwise there will be a $10 administrative fee payable for every unsuccessful GIRO transaction. If they choose to opt out of the GIRO payment scheme, they are required to place a two month deposit upon enrolment. An additional fee of $5 per day will be imposed for late payment after the 5th of each month. All outstanding fees must be cleared before a child is promoted to the next level. e) Quality of Curriculum Integrated curriculum is a form of interdisciplinary approach to teaching and learning that emphasizes on content learning and knowledge acquisition. It incorporates several subject areas such as language and literacy, math, music and movement, creative arts, self awareness, social awareness and motor skills into a curriculum that provides a holistic learning for children. In this curriculum, children apply skills, concepts and processes derived from the total curriculum in the meaningful context of thematic learning. (Erikson, 2001) Teachers are supporters of children’s learning. The curriculum should be designed to enable teachers to scaffold and support children’s knowledge and understanding and thinking. The curriculum should be designed to aid the child’s intellectual, social, emotional and physical development. (KCG, 2008) f) Documentation of Children’s Progress and Portfolios All records should be kept up-to-date and readily accessible. Periodic reports of children’s progress, documentation of children’s habits, character traits and interests and anecdotal notes of children’s behaviours that are significant are all documentation of children’s progress. The centre should have a system which evaluates records for completeness, accuracy of contents and timelines of entries at regular intervals. Portfolios are collections of student work representing a selection of performance. A portfolio may be a folder containing a student’s best work pieces and the student’s evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the pieces. (Wortham, 2008) Portfolios are usually used as the center-piece of teacher-parent conferences. Portfolios can be used in the intention of motivating students, to promote learning through reflection and self-assessment and to be used in evaluations of students thinking and writing processes. An archival portfolio will be used to document the children’s progress from year to year. This portfolio can be useful to the child’s future teachers. It provides useful information about the child’s developmental progress, strengths and weaknesses. (Wortham, 2008) The portfolio should be organized using the developmental area approach. Using this approach, a child’s developmental areas such as physical, cognitive, social-emotional, creative and language and literacy can be assessed. The teacher can use this type of portfolio during parents-teacher conferences to show parents the specific skills that has been prominent and those that need improvement in the child. Using the developmental area approach a student’s growth and development can be clearly visible as the work collected usually spans throughout a year and observers and parents can clearly see the child’s progression in this. (Benson, & Smith, 1998) A combination of work samples, checklists, observation records and photo documentations have been used to compile this portfolio. Developmental checklists have been used to assess the child’s progress in terms of skills. (Hanson, & Gilkerson, 1999) The checklists used aid in assessing and reporting the child’s progress and development. It also assists in assessing teaching processes. The developmental checklists used in this portfolio are categorized into four domains. They are namely language and literacy, math, social-emotional and physical skills. The assessments done on the child in this portfolio was collected when the child was participating in various types of activities with other children in the class. These kinds of activities allow scaffolding to take place as the child gets assistance from other children or adults. The checklists designed centers towards the objectives that the teacher has set for the child. These objectives are developmentally appropriate according to the child’s age. g) School, Family and Community Partnership Having strong family involvement in children’s education are best achieved through family-school and community collaboration. By articulating a common mission and developing proactive ways of strengthening families and schools, parents and teachers can influence children’s school success positively. Parents should be encouraged to be involved in their children’s school activities as much as possible. Parents can be encouraged by volunteering for centre events like celebrations, excursions and field trips. They can even conduct workshops for children in the centre like speech and drama or art workshops. References Benson, T. R. , & Smith, L. J. (1998). Portfolios in first grade: four teachers learn to use alternative assessment. Early Childhood Education Journal, 25(3), Catron, C. E. , & Groves, M. M. (1999). Teacher to director. Early Childhood Education Journal, 26(3), Caulfield, R. (1997). Professionalism in early care and education. Early Childhood Education Journal, 24(4), Erickson, H. L. (2001). Stirring the head, heart, and soul: Redefining curriculum and instruction. (2nd Ed. ). Thousand Oaks, California: Corwin Pr0065c007Axzxz ss Inc. Hanson, M. F. , & Gilkerson, D. (1999). Portfolio assessment: more than abcs and 123s. Early Childhood Education Journal, 27(2), Ministry of Education. (2008). Kindergarten curriculum guide. Singapore Ministry of Education, Pre-school Education Branch. (2010). Singapore pre-school accreditation framework:quality rating scale. Singapore: Ministry of Education. NAEYC. (2009). Developmentally appropriate practices in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. Washington, DC Wortham, S. C. (2008). Assessment in early childhood education (5th ed. ). Upper Saddle River: New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.